Introduction Breast cancer has one of the highest public health burdens worldwide; while early diagnostic methods and effective treatments offer a longer lifespan, multimodal therapeutic approaches can lead to a variety of side effects that affect the health and quality of life of individuals with breast cancer. Therefore, these individuals may perceive the need for physical and psychosocial support to improve their health outcomes. Return to work is one of these needs; individuals with breast cancer can have a higher risk of being unemployed because of the impact of sociodemographic, work-related, and cancer-related factors. Thus, vulnerable individuals with breast cancer with a risk profile for unemployment or work difficulties should be identified in advance so as to provide them with tailored support. Aims The aims were 1) to investigate the extent of the needs of individuals with breast cancer through a systematic review, 2) to investigate the employment status and the potential predictive factors of unemployment, work difficulties, and long-term sick leave in working-age individuals with breast cancer, 3) to investigate the potential predictive factors of needs perceived by individuals with breast cancer through a prospective observational study, and 4) to verify the feasibility of a multidisciplinary intervention of vocational rehabilitation addressing the work-related difficulties through a prospective feasibility study. Methods For the systematic review, databases were searched for studies reporting quantitative data collected through validated assessment tools. The needs of adults with breast cancer are reported by survivorship phase. As for the observational study, adults individuals with breast cancer were followed at baseline (T0, approximately two weeks after surgery), one month (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after baseline. Sociodemographic, work-related, disease-related, health-related quality of life and potential side effects of treatment data were collected. Outcomes were employment status, work-related difficulties, number of sick days, and needs perceived at each follow-up timepoint. As for the feasibility study, adults individuals with breast cancer recruited in the observational study and who reported work-related difficulties were eligible. Participants were followed at baseline (T0), one month (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after baseline. The feasibility of the multidisciplinary intervention was determined by calculating the rates of identification and recruitment from the observational study, adherence to and satisfaction with the support received, dropout rate, and return to work. Preliminary results descriptively illustrate the outcomes of interest in both of the prospective studies. Results Regarding the systematic review, most studies collected needs using the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34. The post-diagnosis and the post-surgery phases revealed the most needs. Needs then seemed to decrease or remain stable up to within one year from diagnosis, after which needs in all domains increased again; health system and information needs was a priority. Younger age, side effects, type of treatment, and advanced stage were associated with the occurrence of unmet needs. As for the observational study, the preliminary results concern 94 participants out of 111; there were 76 employed participants at baseline. The number of individuals with breast cancer who returned to work seemed to progressively increase between baseline and T4; the most work-related difficulties were reported at T3 and T4. The number of participants who reported taking sick days seemed to decrease from baseline to T4, as did the average number of sick days. At T4, the number of needs in all domains seemed to increase, except for needs in health system and information domain. As for the feasibility study, of the 32 individuals with breast cancer with work difficulties who were eligible, 16 participated. The highest number of invitations (n.11) and of recruitments (n.4) were seen at T4 and T2 of the observational study, respectively; adherence to the intervention was high throughout the study, all participants were satisfied with the intervention at T4, the dropout rate was 25% for the study, and all participants had achieved work reintegration at T3 and T4. Conclusions The needs of individuals with breast cancer vary over the course of their cancer experience. Final analyses of the observational and feasibility studies will allow us to confirm or disprove the trends identified preliminarily and to test the role of potential predictors on the outcome of interest. The final results will allow us to identify in advance those individuals with breast cancer who are most at risk of vulnerability and to monitor their condition over time and support their return-to-work process through a multidisciplinary intervention that seems feasible as it has been proposed.
Introduzione Il tumore al seno è uno dei più gravi oneri di salute pubblica a livello mondiale; mentre i metodi di diagnosi precoce e i trattamenti efficaci offrono una durata di vita più lunga, gli approcci terapeutici multimodali possono causare una serie di effetti collaterali che influenzano la salute e la qualità di vita delle persone con tumore al seno. Pertanto, queste persone possono percepire la necessità di supporto fisico e psicosociale per migliorare la loro salute. Il ritorno al lavoro è una di queste esigenze; le persone con tumore al seno possono avere un rischio maggiore di disoccupazione a causa dell'impatto dei fattori sociodemografici, correlati al lavoro e correlati alla malattia. Pertanto, le persone vulnerabili con tumore al seno con un profilo di rischio per disoccupazione o difficoltà lavorative dovrebbero essere identificate in anticipo in modo da fornire loro un supporto personalizzato. Obiettivi Gli obiettivi erano 1) indagare l'entità dei bisogni delle persone con tumore al seno attraverso una revisione sistematica, 2) indagare lo stato occupazionale e i potenziali fattori predittivi di disoccupazione, difficoltà lavorative e congedo per malattia di lunga durata nelle persone in età lavorativa con tumore al seno, 3) indagare i potenziali fattori predittivi dei bisogni percepiti dalle persone con tumore al seno attraverso uno studio osservazionale prospettico e 4) verificare la fattibilità di un intervento multidisciplinare di riabilitazione vocazionale che affronti le difficoltà legate al lavoro attraverso uno studio di fattibilità prospettico. Metodi Per la revisione sistematica, sono stati ricercati nei database studi che riportassero dati quantitativi raccolti tramite strumenti di valutazione validati. Le esigenze delle persone in età adulta con tumore al seno sono riportate in base alla fase di sopravvivenza. Per quanto riguarda lo studio osservazionale, gli individui in età adulta con tumore al seno sono stati seguiti al baseline (T0, circa due settimane dopo l'intervento chirurgico), un mese (T1), tre mesi (T2), sei mesi (T3) e 12 mesi (T4) dopo il baseline. Sono stati raccolti i dati sociodemografici, correlati al lavoro, correlati alla malattia, relativi alla qualità della vita correlata alla salute e ai potenziali effetti collaterali del trattamento. Gli outcome rilevati erano lo stato occupazionale, le difficoltà legate al lavoro, il numero di giorni di malattia e le esigenze percepite ad ogni follow-up. Per quanto riguarda lo studio di fattibilità, gli individui in età adulta con tumore al seno reclutati nello studio osservazionale e che hanno segnalato difficoltà legate al lavoro erano eleggibili. I partecipanti sono stati seguiti al baseline (T0), un mese (T1), tre mesi (T2), sei mesi (T3) e 12 mesi (T4) dopo il baseline. La fattibilità dell'intervento multidisciplinare è stata determinata calcolando i tassi di identificazione e reclutamento dallo studio osservazionale, l'aderenza e la soddisfazione al supporto ricevuto, il tasso di dropout e di ritorno al lavoro. I risultati preliminari illustrano in modo descrittivo gli outcome di interesse in entrambi gli studi prospettici. Risultati Per quanto riguarda la revisione sistematica, la maggior parte degli studi ha raccolto i bisogni utilizzando il Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34. Le fasi post-diagnosi e post-chirurga hanno evidenziato la maggior parte dei bisogni. I bisogni sembravano diminuire o rimanere stabili fino a un anno dalla diagnosi, successivamente i bisogni in tutti i domini sono nuovamente aumentati; i bisogni relativi al sistema sanitario ed alle informazioni erano una priorità. L'età più giovane, gli effetti collaterali, il tipo di trattamento e lo stadio avanzato di malattia sembrano essere associati al verificarsi di bisogni insoddisfatti. Per quanto riguarda lo studio osservazionale, i risultati preliminari riguardano 94 partecipanti su 111; i partecipanti occupati al baseline erano 76. Il numero di individui con tumore al seno che sono tornati al lavoro sembrava aumentare progressivamente tra il baseline e il T4; le difficoltà legate al lavoro sono state segnalate prevalentemente a T3 e T4. Il numero di partecipanti che hanno segnalato giorni di malattia sembrava diminuire dal baseline al T4, così come il numero medio di giorni di malattia. A T4, il numero di bisogni in tutti i domini sembrava aumentare, ad eccezione dei bisogni relativi al sistema sanitario ed alle informazioni. Per quanto riguarda lo studio di fattibilità, dei 32 individui con tumore al seno con difficoltà lavorative che erano eleggibili, 16 hanno aderito. Il numero più elevato di inviti (n. 11) e di arruolamenti (n. 4) è stato registrato rispettivamente a T4 e T2 dello studio osservazionale; l'aderenza all'intervento è stata elevata per tutta la durata dello studio, tutti i partecipanti erano soddisfatti dell'intervento a T4, il tasso di dropout dallo studio è stato del 25% e tutti i partecipanti erano tornati al lavoro a T3 e T4. Conclusioni I bisogni delle persone con tumore al seno variano nel corso della loro esperienza oncologica. Le analisi finali degli studi osservazionale e di fattibilità ci consentiranno di confermare o confutare i risultati identificati in via preliminare e di testare il ruolo dei potenziali fattori predittivi sugli outcome di interesse. Infine, i risultati finali ci consentiranno di identificare in anticipo le persone con tumore al seno che sono maggiormente a rischio di vulnerabilità, di monitorare le loro condizioni nel tempo e di supportare il loro processo di ritorno al lavoro attraverso un intervento multidisciplinare che sembra fattibile nelle modalità in cui è stato proposto.
NEED OF BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS AND PROPOSAL OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION TO SUPPORT THEIR RETURN -TO -WORK PROCESS / S. Paltrinieri ; tutor: F. Bravi, S. Costi ; coordinatore: C. La Vecchia. - Aula Magna della Clinica del Lavoro, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35 - Milano. Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, 2025 Jan 28. 37. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2023/2024.
NEED OF BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS AND PROPOSAL OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION TO SUPPORT THEIR RETURN -TO -WORK PROCESS
S. Paltrinieri
2025
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer has one of the highest public health burdens worldwide; while early diagnostic methods and effective treatments offer a longer lifespan, multimodal therapeutic approaches can lead to a variety of side effects that affect the health and quality of life of individuals with breast cancer. Therefore, these individuals may perceive the need for physical and psychosocial support to improve their health outcomes. Return to work is one of these needs; individuals with breast cancer can have a higher risk of being unemployed because of the impact of sociodemographic, work-related, and cancer-related factors. Thus, vulnerable individuals with breast cancer with a risk profile for unemployment or work difficulties should be identified in advance so as to provide them with tailored support. Aims The aims were 1) to investigate the extent of the needs of individuals with breast cancer through a systematic review, 2) to investigate the employment status and the potential predictive factors of unemployment, work difficulties, and long-term sick leave in working-age individuals with breast cancer, 3) to investigate the potential predictive factors of needs perceived by individuals with breast cancer through a prospective observational study, and 4) to verify the feasibility of a multidisciplinary intervention of vocational rehabilitation addressing the work-related difficulties through a prospective feasibility study. Methods For the systematic review, databases were searched for studies reporting quantitative data collected through validated assessment tools. The needs of adults with breast cancer are reported by survivorship phase. As for the observational study, adults individuals with breast cancer were followed at baseline (T0, approximately two weeks after surgery), one month (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after baseline. Sociodemographic, work-related, disease-related, health-related quality of life and potential side effects of treatment data were collected. Outcomes were employment status, work-related difficulties, number of sick days, and needs perceived at each follow-up timepoint. As for the feasibility study, adults individuals with breast cancer recruited in the observational study and who reported work-related difficulties were eligible. Participants were followed at baseline (T0), one month (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3), and 12 months (T4) after baseline. The feasibility of the multidisciplinary intervention was determined by calculating the rates of identification and recruitment from the observational study, adherence to and satisfaction with the support received, dropout rate, and return to work. Preliminary results descriptively illustrate the outcomes of interest in both of the prospective studies. Results Regarding the systematic review, most studies collected needs using the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34. The post-diagnosis and the post-surgery phases revealed the most needs. Needs then seemed to decrease or remain stable up to within one year from diagnosis, after which needs in all domains increased again; health system and information needs was a priority. Younger age, side effects, type of treatment, and advanced stage were associated with the occurrence of unmet needs. As for the observational study, the preliminary results concern 94 participants out of 111; there were 76 employed participants at baseline. The number of individuals with breast cancer who returned to work seemed to progressively increase between baseline and T4; the most work-related difficulties were reported at T3 and T4. The number of participants who reported taking sick days seemed to decrease from baseline to T4, as did the average number of sick days. At T4, the number of needs in all domains seemed to increase, except for needs in health system and information domain. As for the feasibility study, of the 32 individuals with breast cancer with work difficulties who were eligible, 16 participated. The highest number of invitations (n.11) and of recruitments (n.4) were seen at T4 and T2 of the observational study, respectively; adherence to the intervention was high throughout the study, all participants were satisfied with the intervention at T4, the dropout rate was 25% for the study, and all participants had achieved work reintegration at T3 and T4. Conclusions The needs of individuals with breast cancer vary over the course of their cancer experience. Final analyses of the observational and feasibility studies will allow us to confirm or disprove the trends identified preliminarily and to test the role of potential predictors on the outcome of interest. The final results will allow us to identify in advance those individuals with breast cancer who are most at risk of vulnerability and to monitor their condition over time and support their return-to-work process through a multidisciplinary intervention that seems feasible as it has been proposed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
phd_unimi_R13442.pdf
embargo fino al 30/12/2025
Descrizione: Tesi completa
Tipologia:
Altro
Dimensione
8.53 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
8.53 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.