Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional cephalometric analysis: a more simplified and accurate protocol

Aim: To combine the data on low dose Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with a cephalometric simplified protocol. Materials and Methods: Were assessed three-dimensional (3D) vs two-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurements in 130 patients. The introduction of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography allows the acquisition of three-dimensional images of the patient’s craniofacial complex. The image can be enhanced and augmented to assist landmark location, thereby minimizing errors. Since changes in soft tissue are directly related to the hard tissue changes, it is important that the system accurately measures hard tissue changes, thus predicting soft tissue changes. Clinical usefulness of the software is determined by accurate prediction of the hard and soft tissues. Results: The advantages of CBCT over conventional CT include lower radiation dose, lower cost, potentially better access, high spatial resolution and imaging quality improvement. In contrast to those on radiographs, the angular and linear measurements three-dimensionally detected, become real, moreover the selection of fewer points and the automatic measurements made by the computer reduced human error, for a much more reliable and repeatable diagnosis. (p<0.01) Conclusions: The value of a 3D image model directly corresponds to the quality of the information, the accurate anatomic data derived, and its collection in a 3D anatomic database. Various treatment plans may then be developed based on the practitioner's philosophy and the patient's desire and willingness to cooperate in treatment alternatives. Cephalometry is an essential clinical and research tool in orthodontics. Lateral cephalograms that are 2D are used to depict 3D structures. Consequently, cephalograms have inherent limitations as a result of distortion and differential magnification of the craniofacial complex. This may lead to errors of identification and reduced measurement accuracy. The management of 3D images differ from conventional 2D images and eliminates the error of projection, magnification and head position that can occur with them.