Late relapse of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, botryoid variant, of the vagina.

We report on two very similar cases of vaginal embryonal RMS, botryoid variant, that relapsed 9 and 10 years after initial diagnosis, a few months after the menarche in both cases. A possible causal association with estrogen hormones is hypothesized, particularly for the second case described, in which estrogen receptors were negative in the primary tumor specimen and positive in the relapsing tumor specimen.