Dealing with a Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans outbreak in Italy: Are conservationists prepared?

The recently updated IUCN Red List assessment indicates endemic amphibians in southern Europe are threatened by imminent arrival of the invasive pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Several efforts have aimed to raise awareness of this threat, set up early warning networks, and explore management strategies. Should a Bsal outbreak be detected, rapid and effective actions are necessary to ensure containment and eradication. We surveyed a sample of salamander specialist researchers and conservationists in Italy to gauge the level of preparedness. Out of 35 respondents, the majority expressed incomplete awareness of the Bsal threat and of what management actions might be available, and were unsure or pessimistic about available resources and the necessary decision processes. We recommend continuing efforts on raising awareness of the Bsal threat, adding more practical measures such as clarifying available actions and stakeholders, running local stress tests and facilitating communications and procedures to be followed in an emergency.