Characteristics of ictal thalamic EEG in pediatric-onset neocortical focal epilepsy

Objective: To characterize ictal EEG change in the centromedian (CM) and anterior nucleus (AN) of the thalamus, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings. Methods: Forty habitual seizures were analyzed in nine patients with pediatric-onset neocortical drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent SEEG (age 2-25 y) with thalamic coverage. Both visual and quantitative analysis was used to evaluate ictal EEG signal in the cortex and thalamus. The amplitude and cortico-thalamic latencies of broadband frequencies at ictal onset were measured. Results: Visual analysis demonstrated consistent detection of ictal EEG changes in both the CM nucleus and AN nucleus with latency to thalamic ictal EEG changes of less than 400 ms in 95% of seizures, with low-voltage fast activity being the most common ictal pattern. Quantitative broadband amplitude analysis showed consistent power changes across the frequency bands, corresponding to ictal EEG onset, while while ictal EEG latency was variable from -18.0 seconds to 13.2 seconds. There was no significant difference between detection of CM and AN ictal activity on visual or amplitude analysis. Four patients with subsequent thalamic responsive neurostimulation (RNS) demonstrated ictal EEG changes consistent with SEEG findings. Conclusions: Ictal EEG changes were consistently seen at the CM and AN of the thalamus during neocortical seizures. Significance: It may be feasible to use a closed-loop system in the thalamus to detect and modulate seizure activity for neocortical epilepsy.