Drug-use disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a glance at GBD 2019 findings

Amirkafi, A.; Mohammadi, F.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.; Moradi-Lakeh, M.; Murray, C.J.L.; Naghavi, M.; Mokdad, A.H.; Abbasi-Kangevari, M.; Abbasi-Kangevari, Z.; Abdollahi, M.; Abu-Gharbieh, E.; Aghaei, A.; Ahmadi, A.; Ajami, M.; Al Thaher, Y.; Alhalaiqa, F.; Alimohamadi, Y.; Al-Maweri, S.A.; Almustanyir, S.; Amir-Behghadami, M.; Amiri, S.; Arabloo, J.; Ashraf, T.; Athari, S.S.; Azadnajafabad, S.; Baghcheghi, N.; Bagherieh, S.; Bijani, A.; Bitaraf, S.; Hashemi, M.B.; Dibas, M.; Djalalinia, S.; Dodangeh, M.; Elhadi, M.; Farzadfar, F.; Fatehizadeh, A.; Feizkhah, A.; Ghaderi, A.; Ghadirian, F.; Ghamari, S.-.; Ghasemi Nour, M.; Ghashghaee, A.; Gholami, A.; Goleij, P.; Golitaleb, M.; Hajebi, A.A.; Hajiani, M.; Haque, S.; Hasaballah, A.I.; Hasani, H.; Hassanian-Moghaddam, H.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, M.; Heidari-Foroozan, M.; Iravanpour, F.; Irilouzadian, R.; Jahrami, H.; Jalilian, F.; Jamshidi, E.; Kalantar, F.; Khateri, S.; Kolahi, A.-.; Koohestani, H.R.; Kuddus, M.; Amin, H.I.M.; Mahmoodpoor, A.; Mallhi, T.H.; Mansoori, Y.; Mansouri, B.; Mayeli, M.; Menezes, R.G.; Meshkat, M.; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M.; Mohammad, Y.; Mohammadi, E.; Montazeri, F.; Moradpour, F.; Motaghinejad, M.; Nargus, S.; Natto, Z.S.; Naveed, M.; Nejadghaderi, S.A.; Okati-Aliabad, H.; Patil, S.; Perna, S.; Rafiei, S.; Rahmanian, V.; Rashid, A.M.; Rezaei, N.; Rezaeian, M.; Saad, A.M.A.; Saddik, B.; Saeed, U.; Saeedi, F.; Sahebkar, A.; Salman, M.; Samy, A.M.; Sarikhani, Y.; Shafie, M.; Shahraki-Sanavi, F.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shayan, M.; Shool, S.; Tabish, M.; Taheri, M.; Tehrani, H.; Tiyuri, A.; Toghroli, R.; Ullah, S.; Tahbaz, S.V.; Valizadeh, R.; Waheed, Y.; Zaidi, S.S.; Zamanian, M.; Zare, I.; Zoladl, M.

doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02587-w

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate drug use disorders which are a major cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Methods: This article is a part of the global burden of diseases (GBD), injuries, and risk factors 2019 study. The GBD modeling approach was used to estimate population-level prevalence of drug use disorders. We combined these estimates with disability weights to calculate years of life lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 1990–2019. Results: It is estimated that in 2019 in EMR around 3.4 million people have drug use disorder which has increased by 137% compared to 1990. Also, in 2019, DALY number for drug use disorders was 1217.9 (95% UI: 940.4, 1528.9) thousand years and 7645 (95% UI: 6793.7, 8567.9) deaths occurred. The DALY rate increased 39.6% in the region since1990, whereas the global rate increased by 24.4%. United Arab Emirates, Libya, and Iran were most affected by drug use disorders with the highest rates of age-standardized DALY in EMR in 2019. The most prevalent drug use disorder in the region is opioid use which is accountable for 80% of all drug use disorders DALYs. Conclusion: Despite many interventions, drug use disorders are still responsible for high rates of DALY in the region which has increased since 1990 in both males and females; more comprehensive policies, better control measures and proper education could reduce the adverse effects.

Drug-use disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a glance at GBD 2019 findings / A. Amirkafi, F. Mohammadi, A. Tehrani-Banihashemi, M. Moradi-Lakeh, C.J.L. Murray, M. Naghavi, A.H. Mokdad, M. Abbasi-Kangevari, Z. Abbasi-Kangevari, M. Abdollahi, E. Abu-Gharbieh, A. Aghaei, A. Ahmadi, M. Ajami, Y. Al Thaher, F. Alhalaiqa, Y. Alimohamadi, S.A. Al-Maweri, S. Almustanyir, M. Amir-Behghadami, S. Amiri, J. Arabloo, T. Ashraf, S.S. Athari, S. Azadnajafabad, N. Baghcheghi, S. Bagherieh, A. Bijani, S. Bitaraf, M.B. Hashemi, M. Dibas, S. Djalalinia, M. Dodangeh, M. Elhadi, F. Farzadfar, A. Fatehizadeh, A. Feizkhah, A. Ghaderi, F. Ghadirian, S.-. Ghamari, M. Ghasemi Nour, A. Ghashghaee, A. Gholami, P. Goleij, M. Golitaleb, A.A. Hajebi, M. Hajiani, S. Haque, A.I. Hasaballah, H. Hasani, H. Hassanian-Moghaddam, K. Hayat, M. Heidari, M. Heidari-Foroozan, F. Iravanpour, R. Irilouzadian, H. Jahrami, F. Jalilian, E. Jamshidi, F. Kalantar, S. Khateri, A.-. Kolahi, H.R. Koohestani, M. Kuddus, H.I.M. Amin, A. Mahmoodpoor, T.H. Mallhi, Y. Mansoori, B. Mansouri, M. Mayeli, R.G. Menezes, M. Meshkat, M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Y. Mohammad, E. Mohammadi, F. Montazeri, F. Moradpour, M. Motaghinejad, S. Nargus, Z.S. Natto, M. Naveed, S.A. Nejadghaderi, H. Okati-Aliabad, S. Patil, S. Perna, S. Rafiei, V. Rahmanian, A.M. Rashid, N. Rezaei, M. Rezaeian, A.M.A. Saad, B. Saddik, U. Saeed, F. Saeedi, A. Sahebkar, M. Salman, A.M. Samy, Y. Sarikhani, M. Shafie, F. Shahraki-Sanavi, M.A. Shaikh, M. Shayan, S. Shool, M. Tabish, M. Taheri, H. Tehrani, A. Tiyuri, R. Toghroli, S. Ullah, S.V. Tahbaz, R. Valizadeh, Y. Waheed, S.S. Zaidi, M. Zamanian, I. Zare, M. Zoladl. - In: SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY. - ISSN 0933-7954. - 59:7(2024), pp. 1113-1127. [10.1007/s00127-023-02587-w]