Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813) was an admired and eulogised typographer during his lifetime and cel-ebrated from the first months after his death. As early as 1813 (but even a few years earlier), the first publications praising his typographic activity appeared, as well as the first official biographies, above all the Vita del cavaliere Giambattista Bodoni (1816) by Giuseppe De Lama. The first half of the 20th century was also characterised by great efforts in this regard, particularly on the 100th anniversary of his death (1913) and the 200th anniversary of his birth (1940), also exploited by the fascist regime for propaganda purposes. It was only with the second half of the 20th century, and especially with the foundation of the Museo Bodoniano in Parma (1963) and the consequent opening to the public of the extraordinary doc-umentary and material archive of Bodoni’s printing works, that a fruitful phase of scientific contribu-tions took hold, culminating in contemporary digital projects such as the Biblioteca Bodoni. While a great deal of effort has been devoted to the analysis of Bodoni’s typographic and political-cultural dimension, there is still room for investigation regarding the editorial aspects of his activity, especially in under-standing the dynamics that regulated his relationship with authors and editorial collaborators for the production of the most prestigious editions. Of his biographical events, on the other hand, the period Bodoni spent in Rome (1758-1766) remains somewhat obscure, where he did his typographic apprenticeship at the Tipografia Poliglotta of Propa-ganda Fide, specialising in the engraving of characters from the Oriental alphabets (an activity that was also his flagship in his later years in Parma) and where he met the most important personalities on the Roman cultural scene with whom he forged bonds of friendship and collaboration that were the basis of his activity in the years that followed. Having identified these two gaps after a careful study of previous bibliographical sources, the work was set out along two main paths: the reconstruction of the apprenticeship period that Bodoni spent in Rome at the Tipografia Poliglotta, subsequently attempting to analyse how the experiences he undertook and the relationships he matured bore fruit in his subsequent activity in Parma, and the investigation of certain aspects of his work from an editorial point of view through the main publishing collaborations for the realisation of the polyglot editions. In addition to Giovanni Cristofano Amaduzzi (1740-1792), from 1770 superintendent of the Tipografia Poliglotta, who was Bodoni’s consultant both for the preparation of some Greek editions and for the constant work on the development of the ‘exotic’ types, the printer had fruitful editorial collaborations with the Hebrewist Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi (1742-1831) for the publication of the first prestigious editions printed with Oriental types, Tommaso Valperga di Caluso (1737-1815) for the publication of other Greek editions, as well as a Coptic grammar and a Hebrew one, and, by now in the twilight of his career, with Cardinal Giuseppe Mezzofanti (1774-1849) for the printing of the Oratio Dominca of 1806, the Lord’s Prayer printed in 155 different alphabets that represented the summa of the polyglot produc-tion of Bodoni’s printing house. Although, at least in general terms, the definition of Bodoni as a typographer rather than a publisher remains firm (due to the lack of a unitary cultural and ‘identity’ project), the analysis of these collabora-tions has made it possible to highlight hitherto obscure aspects that, at least for the preparation of some individual editions, have brought to light typical characteristics of the publishing trade, according to both a humanistic and a modern definition, particularly with regard to the attention paid to all phases of book production, not just typography.
Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813) è stato un tipografo ammirato ed elogiato in vita, e celebrato fin dai primi mesi successivi la sua morte. Già a partire dal 1813 (ma, in realtà, anche alcuni anni prima) sono comparse le prime pubblicazioni elogiative della sua attività tipografica, nonché le prime biografie uffi-ciali, su tutte la Vita del cavaliere Giambattista Bodoni (1816) di Giuseppe De Lama. Anche la prima metà del ’900 è stata caratterizzata da un grande impegno in questo senso, in particolar modo in occasione del centesimo anniversario di morte (1913) e nel duecentesimo della nascita (1940), sfruttato anche dal regi-me fascista per fini propagandistici. Soltanto con la seconda metà del XX secolo, e in particolar modo con la fondazione del Museo Bodoniano di Parma (1963) e la conseguente apertura al pubblico dello straordinario archivio documentario e materiale delle stamperie bodoniane, ha preso piede una feconda fase di contributi scientifici, fino ai contemporanei progetti digitali come la Biblioteca Bodoni. Se grande impegno è stato dedicato all’analisi della dimensione tipografica e politico-culturale di Bodoni, resta an-cora spazio di indagine per quanto riguarda gli aspetti editoriali della sua attività, in particolar modo per la comprensione delle dinamiche che regolavano il suo rapporto con gli autori e con i collaboratori edi-toriali per la realizzazione delle edizioni più prestigiose. Delle sue vicende biografiche, invece, rimane per certi versi oscuro il periodo che Bodoni trascorse a Roma (1758-1766), dove svolse il suo praticantato tipografico presso la Tipografia Poliglotta di Propa-ganda Fide, specializzandosi nell’incisione dei caratteri degli alfabeti orientali (attività che rappresentò il suo fiore all’occhiello anche nei successivi anni a Parma) e dove conobbe le più importanti personalità del panorama culturale romano con le quali creò legami di amicizia e collaborazione che furono alla ba-se della sua attività degli anni successivi. Individuate queste due lacune dopo un attento studio delle fonti bibliografiche pregresse, è stato impo-stato il lavoro seguendo due strade principali: la ricostruzione del periodo di apprendistato che Bodoni trascorse a Roma presso la Tipografia Poliglotta di Propaganda, cercando successivamente di analizzare come le esperienze intraprese e le relazioni maturate abbiano dato frutto nella sua successiva attività a Parma, e l’indagine di alcuni aspetti del suo lavoro da un punto di vista editoriale attraverso le principali collaborazioni editoriali per la realizzazione delle edizioni poliglotte. Oltre a Giovanni Cristofano Amaduzzi (1740-1792), dal 1770 sovrintendente della Tipografia Poliglotta, che per Bodoni fu consulente sia per la preparazione di alcune edizioni greche, sia per il costante lavoro di sviluppo dei caratteri degli alfabeti «esotici», il tipografo di Saluzzo ebbe proficue collaborazioni edi-toriali con l’ebraista Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi (1742-1831) per la pubblicazione delle prime presti-giose edizioni d’occasione stampate con i caratteri orientali, Tommaso Valperga di Caluso (1737-1815) per la pubblicazione di altre edizioni greche, oltre a una grammatica copta e una ebraica, e, ormai al tramonto della carriera, con il cardinale Giuseppe Mezzofanti (1774-1849) per la stampa dell’Oratio Do-minca del 1806, ovvero il Padre Nostro stampato in 155 alfabeti diversi che rappresentò la summa della produzione poliglotta della stamperia bodoniana. Sebbene, almeno a livello generale, rimanga salda la definizione di Bodoni come tipografo più che come editore (per mancanza di un progetto culturale e ‘identitario’ unitario), l’analisi di queste collaborazioni ha permesso di evidenziarne aspetti fino a questo momento ancora oscuri che, almeno per la prepara-zione di alcune singole edizioni, ne hanno portato alla luce caratteristiche tipiche del mestiere editoriale, secondo una definizione sia di stampo umanistico, sia moderno, in particolare per quanto rigurda l’attenzione a tutte le fasi della produzione del libro, non soltanto a quella tipografica.
EXOTICIS TYPIS. GIAMBATTISTA BODONI (1740-1813) E LE COLLABORAZIONI EDITORIALI PER LE PUBBLICAZIONI IN LINGUE ORIENTALI / P. Saviotti ; tutor: L. Braida ; co-tutor: P. M. Cátedra García ; coordinatore: M. Soresina. - Milano. Università degli Studi di Milano, 2024 Sep 09. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2023/2024.
EXOTICIS TYPIS. GIAMBATTISTA BODONI (1740-1813) E LE COLLABORAZIONI EDITORIALI PER LE PUBBLICAZIONI IN LINGUE ORIENTALI
P. Saviotti
2024
Abstract
Giambattista Bodoni (1740-1813) was an admired and eulogised typographer during his lifetime and cel-ebrated from the first months after his death. As early as 1813 (but even a few years earlier), the first publications praising his typographic activity appeared, as well as the first official biographies, above all the Vita del cavaliere Giambattista Bodoni (1816) by Giuseppe De Lama. The first half of the 20th century was also characterised by great efforts in this regard, particularly on the 100th anniversary of his death (1913) and the 200th anniversary of his birth (1940), also exploited by the fascist regime for propaganda purposes. It was only with the second half of the 20th century, and especially with the foundation of the Museo Bodoniano in Parma (1963) and the consequent opening to the public of the extraordinary doc-umentary and material archive of Bodoni’s printing works, that a fruitful phase of scientific contribu-tions took hold, culminating in contemporary digital projects such as the Biblioteca Bodoni. While a great deal of effort has been devoted to the analysis of Bodoni’s typographic and political-cultural dimension, there is still room for investigation regarding the editorial aspects of his activity, especially in under-standing the dynamics that regulated his relationship with authors and editorial collaborators for the production of the most prestigious editions. Of his biographical events, on the other hand, the period Bodoni spent in Rome (1758-1766) remains somewhat obscure, where he did his typographic apprenticeship at the Tipografia Poliglotta of Propa-ganda Fide, specialising in the engraving of characters from the Oriental alphabets (an activity that was also his flagship in his later years in Parma) and where he met the most important personalities on the Roman cultural scene with whom he forged bonds of friendship and collaboration that were the basis of his activity in the years that followed. Having identified these two gaps after a careful study of previous bibliographical sources, the work was set out along two main paths: the reconstruction of the apprenticeship period that Bodoni spent in Rome at the Tipografia Poliglotta, subsequently attempting to analyse how the experiences he undertook and the relationships he matured bore fruit in his subsequent activity in Parma, and the investigation of certain aspects of his work from an editorial point of view through the main publishing collaborations for the realisation of the polyglot editions. In addition to Giovanni Cristofano Amaduzzi (1740-1792), from 1770 superintendent of the Tipografia Poliglotta, who was Bodoni’s consultant both for the preparation of some Greek editions and for the constant work on the development of the ‘exotic’ types, the printer had fruitful editorial collaborations with the Hebrewist Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi (1742-1831) for the publication of the first prestigious editions printed with Oriental types, Tommaso Valperga di Caluso (1737-1815) for the publication of other Greek editions, as well as a Coptic grammar and a Hebrew one, and, by now in the twilight of his career, with Cardinal Giuseppe Mezzofanti (1774-1849) for the printing of the Oratio Dominca of 1806, the Lord’s Prayer printed in 155 different alphabets that represented the summa of the polyglot produc-tion of Bodoni’s printing house. Although, at least in general terms, the definition of Bodoni as a typographer rather than a publisher remains firm (due to the lack of a unitary cultural and ‘identity’ project), the analysis of these collabora-tions has made it possible to highlight hitherto obscure aspects that, at least for the preparation of some individual editions, have brought to light typical characteristics of the publishing trade, according to both a humanistic and a modern definition, particularly with regard to the attention paid to all phases of book production, not just typography.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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