A survey of colostrum management practices in dairy farms of Piedmont region (Italy): a pilot study

Inadequate transfer of immunoglobulins from dam to calf via colostrum remains a challenge in dairy farming. Failure of transfer of passive immunity has been related to increased morbidity and mortality in calves, lower productivity, and increased risk of culling. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate colostrum administration and calves’ management in dairy farms of Piedmont region (Northern Italy). The questionnaire included 28 multiple choice questions and it was administered by a single interviewer to 15 farmers. The 28 items regarded calving management and care of the new-born, calf–dam separation, colostrum management, calf feeding, weaning, and calf housing. Descriptive analysis was performed. In 40% of farms surveyed, the disinfection of the calf’s navel was not done. The separation from dam occurred immediately after birth in most of farms (67%). All farms used single pens, where calves were housed up to 60 days of age in most of the farms (80%). Colostrum was administered within 3 hours of life in all farms included. In 80% of farms 2 meals of colostrum were provided. Colostrum bank was present in 80% of farms. The quality of colostrum was assessed in almost half of the farms (47%) but only one farmer checked serum IgG. Weaning occurred at 60 days of age in most of the farms (67%). These findings provide preliminary insight into calves’ management and colostrum administration in dairy farms of an Italian region, highlighting critical issues for calf welfare. Despite a prompt administration of adequate quantity of colostrum is carried out by the farmers interviewed, the evaluation of the quality is still partially performed. Moreover, the evaluation of passive immunity in calves remains lacking. Correct management and feeding of high-quality colostrum can reduce calf mortality, strengthen immunity, and increase animal life span.