Shoring up Sappho: P.Oxy. 2288 and ancient reinforcements of booksrolls

P.Oxy. 2288, a 2nd-century fragment containing Sappho's Ode to Aphrodite, has an underlying layer of papyrus that has intrigued scholars for decades. X-ray tomography of the papyrus and a study of the ink under the scanning electron microscope allow us to establish that the underlying layer most likely does not contain more of Sappho's poetry. Rather, it appears that P.Oxy. 2288 is what remains of a much-used roll of Sappho book 1, reinforced at its beginning. In order to put this case in its historical context, the second part of the article contains a new examination of the literary, documentary, and papyrological evidence for ancient repairs and reinforcements of bookrolls.