Percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a prospective randomized comparison

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Materials and methods: Patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures (T4-L5) were randomized and not blinded to kyphoplasty (n = 69) or vertebroplasty (n = 70). The postoperative pain score (VAS) at 12 months was the primary end point. The radiographic results were evaluated in relation to the resolution of the fracture and the possible onset of further osteoporotic fractures during follow-up. Results: A total of one hundred and thirty-nine patients were eligible for randomization (n = 70 for PVP group and n = 69 for BKP), and twenty-six patients (twenty in the BKP group and six in the PVP group) were excluded. The mean average age of patients was 73 years, and 82% of the patients were females. VAS pain score was significantly reduced after surgery in both groups, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative VAS score. There was a significant reduction in kyphotic wedge angle and improvement of the sagittal index in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant higher risk incidence of adjacent level fractures in the vertebroplasty group. Conclusions: In terms of clinical outcomes, there were no differences between the two groups. Both showed a significant clinical improvement, vertebral body height restoration and reduction in the kyphotic angle. There was a significant higher risk of adjacent level fractures in the vertebroplasty group.