Le controsanzioni nel diritto internazionale tra autorità normativa e percezione di legittimità

The recent Russian-Ukrainian conflict is characterized by hegemonic issues that are present in International Law. One of these refers to the adoption of autonomous sanctions and collective countermeasures to address violations of erga omnes obligations. This aspect has recently been characterized by the adoption of measures by Russia and China, defined as "countersanctions". These measures prima facie appear to take on the nature of a countermeasure, but a more in-depth analysis, as set out here, highlights that these take on the character of a response to the disproportionate effects of the sanctions to protect their national economy. The following contribution exposes the main issues of similar measures in the light of International Law, highlighting above all the aspects of lawfulness that derive from them.