Genomics and the “-Omics”

The progresses in the “omics” field have revo- lutionized the approach to diagnosis and treat- ment for several communicable and non-communicable diseases. The application of these new technologies allows a more pre- cise diagnosis that can be followed by the most appropriate therapeutic course. Through the integration of different omics data, from genomics and proteomics to metabolomics and phenomics, multi-omics aim to tackle global health challenges delivering precision and personalized medicine solutions. Nonetheless, several gaps still exist in the implementation of new technologies in low- and middle-income countries, associated with the risk of furthering increasing inequalities in global access to health. In this chapter, we revise the main contributions of the different “omics” technologies in improving global health, we discuss the current achievements and limitations and possible solutions to ensure accessibility and availability at global level of these breaking through technologies.