Measurements of electrons from νe interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectra is derived, and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50 MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.

Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector / A.A. Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M.A. Acero, M.R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, C. Adriano, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, F. Akbar, K. Allison, S.A. Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, R. Alvarez, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D.A. Andrade, C. Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M.P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, W.L. Anicezio Campanelli, A. Ankowski, M. Antoniassi, M. Antonova, A. Antoshkin, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, L. Arellano, L.O. Arnold, M.A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, A. Back, H. Back, J.J. Back, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, N. Balashov, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barao, G. Barenboim, G.J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, J.B. Monarca, A. Barros, N. Barros, J.L. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, C. Batchelor, J.B.R. Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, M.C.Q. Bazetto, J.L.L.B. Alba, J.F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, E. Belchior, L. Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, V. Bellini, O. Beltramello, N. Benekos, C.B. Montiel, D. Benjamin, F.B. Neves, J. Berger, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R.M. Berner, A. Bersani, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, A. Betancur Rodriguez, A. Bevan, Y. Bezawada, A.T. Bezerra, T.J. Bezerra, J. Bhambure, A. Bhardwaj, V. Bhatnagar, M. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhattarai, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, K. Biery, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, V. Bisignani, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F.D. Blaszczyk, G.C. Blazey, D. Blend, E. Blucher, J. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, C. Bonilla-Diaz, F. Bonini, A. Booth, F. Boran, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, N. Bostan, P. Bour, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Branca, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, S.J. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, M. Brunetti, N. Buchanan, H. Budd, J. Buergi, G. Caceres, I. Cagnoli, T. Cai, D. Caiulo, R. Calabrese, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, L. Calivers, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, D. Caratelli, D. Carber, J.C. Carceller, G. Carini, B. Carlus, M.F. Carneiro, P. Carniti, I. Caro Terrazas, H. Carranza, N. Carrara, L. Carroll, T. Carroll, J.F. Castano Forero, A. Castillo, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, G. Cavallaro, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, G. Cerati, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, K. Chakraborty, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Chen-Wishart, Y. Cheon, D. Cherdack, C. Chi, S. Childress, R. Chirco, A. Chiriacescu, N. Chitirasreemadam, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, P.S. Chong, B. Chowdhury, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, M. Chung, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. Clarke, G. Cline, T.E. Coan, A.G. Cocco, J.A.B. Coelho, J. Collot, E. Conley, J.M. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, P. Cova, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J.I. Crespo-Anadon, M. Crisler, E. Cristaldo, J. Crnkovic, R. Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Y. Cui, D. Cussans, O. Dalager, R. Dallavalle, H. Da Motta, Z.A. Dar, L.D.S. Peres, C. David, Q. David, G.S. Davies, S. Davini, J. Dawson, K. De, S. De, P. De Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M.P. Decowski, A. De Gouvea, P.C. De Holanda, I.L.D.I. Astiz, A. Deisting, P. De Jong, A. De La Torre, A. Delbart, V. De Leo, D. Delepine, M. Delgado, A. Dell'Acqua, N. Delmonte, P. De Lurgio, J.R.T.D.M. Neto, D.M. Demuth, S. Dennis, C. Densham, G.W. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, G. De Souza, J.P. Detje, R. Devi, R. Dharmapalan, M. Dias, J.S. Diaz, F. Diaz, F. Di Capua, A. Di Domenico, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, R. Diurba, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, D. Doering, S. Dolan, F. Dolek, M.J. Dolinski, L. Domine, S. Donati, Y. Donon, S. Doran, D. Douglas, A. Dragone, F. Drielsma, L. Duarte, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, K. Dugas, P. Dunne, B. Dutta, H. Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D.A. Dwyer, A.S. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, D. Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, P. Englezos, A. Ereditato, T. Erjavec, C.O. Escobar, J.J. Evans, E. Ewart, A.C. Ezeribe, K. Fahey, L. Fajt, A. Falcone, M. Fani, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, D. Fedoseev, J. Felix, Y. Feng, E. Fernandez-Martinez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, P. Filip, A. Filkins, F. Filthaut, R. Fine, G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, V. Fischer, R.S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, S. Fogarty, W. Foreman, J. Fowler, J. Franc, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I.K. Furic, K. Furman, A.P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, F. Ganacim, R. Gandhi, S. Ganguly, F. Gao, S. Gao, D. Garcia-Gamez, M.A. Garcia-Peris, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, A. Gauch, J. Gauvreau, P. Gauzzi, G. Ge, N. Geffroy, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, S. Gent, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, P. Giammaria, T. Giammaria, N. Giangiacomi, D. Gibin, I. Gil-Botella, S. Gilligan, A. Gioiosa, C. Girerd, A.K. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R.A. Gomes, L.V.G. Bermeo, L.S.G. Fajardo, F. Gonnella, D. Gonzalez-Diaz, M. Gonzalez-Lopez, M.C. Goodman, O. Goodwin, S. Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, S. Greenberg, L. Greenler, J. Greer, J. Grenard, W.C. Griffith, F.T. Groetschla, M. Groh, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, E. Guardincerri, V. Guarino, M. Guarise, R. Guenette, E. Guerard, M. Guerzoni, D. Guffanti, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, A. Gupta, V. Gupta, K.K. Guthikonda, P. Guzowski, M.M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, C. Ha, K. Haaf, A. Habig, H. Hadavand, R. Haenni, L. Hagaman, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, P. Hamilton, J. Han, D.A. Harris, J. Hartnell, T. Hartnett, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, C. Hasnip, R. Hatcher, K.W. Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, K. Hayrapetyan, J. Hays, E. Hazen, M. He, A. Heavey, K.M. Heeger, J. Heise, S. Henry, M.A. Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, V. Hewes, C. Hilgenberg, T. Hill, S.J. Hillier, A. Himmel, E. Hinkle, L.R. Hirsch, J. Hoff, A. Holin, E. Hoppe, G.A. Horton-Smith, M. Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J.H. Barrios, I. Hristova, M.S. Hronek, J. Huang, R.G. Huang, Z. Hulcher, G. Iles, N. Ilic, A.M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, G. Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, B. Irwin, L. Isenhower, M. Ismerio Oliveira, R. Itay, C.M. Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, W. Jang, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, D. Jena, Y.S. Jeong, C. Jesus-Valls, X. Ji, J. Jiang, L. Jiang, A. Jipa, J.H. Jo, F.R. Joaquim, W. Johnson, B. Jones, R. Jones, N. Jovancevic, M. Judah, C.K. Jung, T. Junk, Y. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, I. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, A. Kalitkina, D. Kalra, O.K. Koseyan, F. Kamiya, D.M. Kaplan, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, A. Karcher, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S.P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, I. Katsioulas, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, K.J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S.H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, B. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, J. Kleykamp, A. Klustova, T. Kobilarcik, K. Koehler, L.W. Koerner, D.H. Koh, S. Kohn, P.P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, D. Korablev, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Kose, V.A. Kostelecky, K. Kothekar, I. Kotler, V. Kozhukalov, R. Kralik, L. Kreczko, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, W. Kropp, T. Kroupova, Y. Kudenko, V.A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kuhlmann, S. Kulagin, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, P. Kunze, R. Kuravi, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kus, T. Kutter, J. Kvasnicka, D. Kwak, A. Lambert, B.J. Land, C.E. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, M. Langstaff, F. Lanni, O. Lantwin, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, P. Laycock, I. Lazanu, M. Lazzaroni, T. Le, S. Leardini, J. Learned, P. Lebrun, T. Lecompte, C. Lee, V. Legin, G.L. Miotto, R. Lehnert, M.A.L. De Oliveira, M. Leitner, L.M. Lepin, S.W. Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C.S. Lin, S. Lin, R.A. Lineros, J. Ling, A. Lister, B.R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. Lokajicek, I. Lomidze, K. Long, T. Lord, J.M. Losecco, W.C. Louis, X.-. Lu, K.B. Luk, B. Lunday, X. Luo, E. Luppi, T. Lux, V.P. Luzio, J. Maalmi, D. Macfarlane, A.A. Machado, P. Machado, C.T. Macias, J.R. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. Mahn, A. Maio, A. Major, K. Majumdar, J.A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R.C. Mandujano, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M.M. Plata, V.N. Manyam, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, W. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, F. Marinho, A.D. Marino, T. Markiewicz, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C.M. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, N. Martinez, D.A.M. Caicedo, F.M. Lopez, P.M. Mirave, S. Martynenko, V. Mascagna, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, F. Matichard, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, I. Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, T. Mcaskill, E. Mccluskey, N. Mcconkey, K.S. Mcfarland, C. Mcgrew, A. Mcnab, A. Mefodiev, P. Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, H. Mendez, P. Mendez, D.P. Mendez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M.D. Messier, W. Metcalf, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, G. Miller, W. Miller, J. Mills, O. Mineev, A. Minotti, O.G. Miranda, S. Miryala, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mishra, A. Mislivec, M. Mitchell, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, A. Mogan, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T.A. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, L.M. Bueno, E. Montagna, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, D. Montanino, L.M.M. Zetina, S.H. Moon, M. Mooney, A.F. Moor, D. Moreno, D. Moretti, C. Morris, C. Mossey, M. Mote, E. Motuk, C.A. Moura, J. Mousseau, G. Mouster, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, F. Muheim, A. Muir, M. Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, M. Murphy, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, Y. Nagai, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, A. Nath, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J.K. Nelson, M. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, H. Newton, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, A. Nikolica, J. Nikolov, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, P. Novella, J.A. Nowak, M. Oberling, J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, L.O. Ormachea, J. Ott, L. Pagani, G. Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J.M. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, S. Pan, W.P. Vazquez, E. Pantic, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, E. Parozzi, S. Parsa, Z. Parsa, S. Parveen, M. Parvu, D. Pasciuto, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R.B. Patterson, S.J. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S.J.M. Peeters, A.P. Perez, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O.L.G. Peres, C. Pernas, J. Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, V. Pia, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, V.L. Pimentel, G. Pinaroli, K. Plows, R. Plunkett, F. Pompa, X. Pons, N. Poonthottathil, F. Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, S.D. Porzio, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, C. Pratt, M. Prest, F. Psihas, D. Pugnere, X. Qian, J.L. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, R. Radev, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, M. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, R. Rameika, M.A.R. Delgado, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G. Raselli, P. Ratoff, S. Raut, H. Razafinime, R.F. Razakamiandra, E.M. Rea, J.S. Real, B. Rebel, R. Rechenmacher, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, J. Reichenbacher, S.D. Reitzner, H.R. Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, M. Ribas, S. Riboldi, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L.C.J. Rice, J.S. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, E.V. Rincon, A. Ritchie-Yates, D. Rivera, R. Rivera, A. Robert, J.L.R. Rocha, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, M.J.R. Alonso, J.R. Rondon, E. Romeo, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, P. Rosier, M. Rossella, M. Rossi, M. Ross-Lonergan, J. Rout, P. Roy, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, A. Rybnikov, A. Saa-Hernandez, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M.C. Sanchez, V. Sandberg, D.A. Sanders, D. Sankey, D. Santoro, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, C. Sarasty, I. Sarcevic, G. Savage, V. Savinov, G. Scanavini, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schefke, H. Schellman, S. Schifano, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, A.W. Schneider, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, A. Selyunin, C.R. Senise, J. Sensenig, D. Sgalaberna, M.H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, F. Shaker, M. Shamma, P. Shanahan, R. Sharankova, H.R. Sharma, R. Sharma, R. Kumar, K. Shaw, T. Shaw, K. Shchablo, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, A. Sheshukov, W. Shi, S. Shin, I. Shoemaker, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, J. Silber, L. Simard, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, J. Singh, L. Singh, P. Singh, V. Singh, S.S. Chauhan, R. Sipos, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, E. Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. Smy, E.L. Snider, P. Snopok, D. Snowden-Ifft, M.S. Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Soderberg, S. Sokolov, C.J.S. Salinas, S. Soldner-Rembold, S.R. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. Solovov, W.E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, A. Sotnikov, J. Soto-Oton, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N.J.C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, D. Stalder, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, J. Steenis, R. Stein, H.M. Steiner, A.F.S. Lisboa, A. Stepanova, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, L. Strigari, A. Stuart, J.G. Suarez, J. Subash, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C.M. Sutera, Y. Suvorov, R. Svoboda, B. Szczerbinska, A.M. Szelc, N. Talukdar, J. Tamara, H.A. Tanaka, S. Tang, B.T. Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tarpara, N. Tata, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A.M. Teklu, P. Tennessen, M. Tenti, K. Terao, F. Terranova, G. Testera, T. Thakore, A. Thea, A. Thompson, C. Thorn, S.C. Timm, V. Tishchenko, N. Todorovic, L. Tomassetti, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tortola, F. Tortorici, N. Tosi, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W.H. Trzaska, Y. Tsai, Y.-. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K.V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, J. Turner, J. Tyler, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, L. Uboldi, M.A. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, H. Utaegbulam, S. Uzunyan, M.R. Vagins, P. Vahle, S. Valder, G.A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, R. Valentim, Z. Vallari, E. Vallazza, J.W.F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R.G. Van De Water, D.V. Forero, D. Vannerom, F. Varanini, D.V. Oliva, G. Varner, S. Vasina, N. Vaughan, K. Vaziri, J. Vega, S. Ventura, A. Verdugo, S. Vergani, M.A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H.V. De Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, Q. Vuong, T. Wachala, A.V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, T. Walton, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M.H.L.S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, K. Warburton, D. Warner, M.O. Wascko, D. Waters, A. Watson, K. Wawrowska, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, J. Whilhelmi, A. White, A. White, L.H. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M.J. Wilking, A. Wilkinson, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. Wilson, R.J. Wilson, W. Wisniewski, J. Wolcott, J. Wolfs, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, K. Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, M. Wospakrik, K. Wresilo, C. Wret, S. Wu, W. Wu, W. Wu, Y. Xiao, I. Xiotidis, B. Yaeggy, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, Y.S. Yoon, T. Young, B. Yu, H. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yu, Y. Yu, W. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, L. Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G.P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, E.D. Zimmerman, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska. - In: PHYSICAL REVIEW D. - ISSN 2470-0010. - 107:9(2023), pp. 092012.1-092012.22. [10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092012]

Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

M. Lazzaroni;S. Riboldi;
2023

Abstract

Measurements of electrons from νe interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectra is derived, and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50 MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.
Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale
Settore ING-INF/07 - Misure Elettriche e Elettroniche
Settore PHYS-01/A - Fisica sperimentale delle interazioni fondamentali e applicazioni
Settore IMIS-01/B - Misure elettriche ed elettroniche
2023
https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092012
Article (author)
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
PhysRevD.107.092012.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: Article
Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione 1.62 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.62 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1037528
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 3
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 1
social impact