Risk factors between I, II, III class occlusion and periodontal disease: Appraisal through TC-Cone Beam

Background: The aim of this study is to measure the peri-osteal bone loss of some dental elements, previously chosen as benchmarks, in the I, II and III skeletal class and to evaluate the correlation between malocclusion and periodontal disease. Material and methods: 90 TC-Cone Beam of healthy patients, between the ages of 14 years and 20 years, in the pre-orthodontic phase will be examined 30 of these TC-Cone Beam will be related to patients with skeletal class, 30 with II skeletal class and 30 with III skeletal class. The TC-Cone Beam for each group studied will be randomly selected. Some dental elements will be taken as samples for each patients. Maxillary and mandibular dental incisors (11, 21, 31, 41), maxillary and mandibular canines (13, 23, 33, 43) and maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars (16, 26, 36, 46) will be the samples. Through the use of the Materialise 3-matic software, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone will be evaluated considering all the sites of the dental elements: disto-vestibular, vestibular, mesio-vestibular, distal4i11gual/palatal lingual/palatal and mesio-lingual palatal. Ifa correlation between a specific skeletal class and periodontal disease is noticed, in vivo studies will be performed in order to confirm what has been noted in TC-Cone Beam. In the oral clinical examination will be evaluated periodontal disease in relation to some indices like FMPS (M1-mouth plaque score), FMBS (full mouth bleeding score), loss of attachment gingival recession, mobility and furcation. The dental elements considered in this exam are the same of the evaluation on the TC-Cone Beam. Results: The study of TC-Cone Beam relative to the bone level of the dental elements taken into consideration could reveal a correlation between malocclusion and periodontal disease in pre-orthodontic patients. There could also be a different incidence of bone defect between I, II, III skeletal class. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate the periodontal parameters in patients in the pre-orthodontic phase to intercept any problems related to the skeletal class. In this way it may be possible to draw up personalized protocols during the orthodontic treatment plan in order to prevent any periodontal risks.