Oral microbiota and clinical variations in ramadan fasting patients

Background: Evaluate, compared to standard parameters, changes in diet, nutrition frequency and other health-related habits and identify guidelines aimed to preventing oral issues of fasting in the month of Ramadan: Muslim religious fasting belief which it believers shall refrain from taking food or drink from Sunrise until sunset. Methods: The study will be conducted at the dental clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, where they'll be selected 60 adults who follow the Ramadan fasting, divided randomly in two groups of people: A. 30 subjects educated and motivated to correct oral hygiene habits and maneuvers at home; B. 30 subjects not educated and not motivated to correct oral hygiene habits and maneuvers at home. Both groups are evaluated at 3 different moments: from 1 to 30 days prior to the commencement of fasting (T0); 7 days before the end of the fasting period (T1); 7 days after the end of the fasting period (T2). Initial treatment at T0 will be: scaling, DMFT/dmft (decayed, missed, filled, teeth), caries receptivity index and, considering 6 surfaces for each dental element, full mouth plaque score (FMPS), the semi-qualitative plaque index of Sinless and LOC (IP), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS) and semi-qualitative bleeding index (IS). Will be evaluate the oral microbiota following a dental plaque levy, processed afterwards in PCR-real time for amplification and quantization of bacterial DNA. Analyzed, by means of a pH meter, the salivary pH and, through the Griess reagent (NO), the endothelial dilation factor, that represents the degree of gingival/periodontal inflammation expressed as concentration of [NO"2] g/L: 4NO + O2 + 2H,O 4NO-, + 4H". For last, they will be given a question-naire to rate their eating habits and their initials oral hygiene habits at home. In Tl and T2 will be again recalculated as well the same indexes and repeated the same analysis. Results: The results of the data collected in the three moments of the study, compared to standard parameters, will allow us to identify any risks to the oral health of these patients. In addition, may advance in the month of Ramadan fasting guidelines modeled on the Group A or group B. Conclusions: Fasting inevitably causes dietary changes. Therefore, there may be a correlation between caries receptiv-ity and/or periodontal disease in correspondence to a shift in the timing of eating. It highlights, therefore, the importance of knowing any changes of the oral microbiota and oral health related to the month of Ramadan in the two different groups considered in the study.