Advancements in Superhydrophilic Titanium Dioxide/Graphene Oxide Composites Coatings for Self-Cleaning Applications on Glass Substrates: A Comprehensive Review

The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings has emerged as a transformative approach that enhances their hydrophilicity and self-cleaning properties. The addition of GO hinders the recombination of photo-induced electron/hole pairs in TiO2, resulting in improved charge-carrier mobility. Further, Ti-O-C bonds expand the light absorption range of TiO2. As a result, TiO2/GO coatings exhibit exceptional superhydrophilicity that is functional to degrade adsorbed pollutants under visible light irradiation through photocatalysis. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in the preparation, characterization, and fundamental mechanisms of self-cleaning TiO2/GO surfaces, with a focus on the role of photocatalysis. The review encompasses discussions on the theoretical underpinnings of self-cleaning actions, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2/GO composite coatings, preparation methods for fabricating superhydrophilic composites, glass substrates, and characterization and testing approaches. While the primary emphasis is on self-cleaning glasses, the potential applications of these composites in diverse fields such as photovoltaic solar cells, paints, building materials, medical devices, fabrics, and corrosion-resistant materials are also explored. Additionally, the review delves into the fundamental principles governing self-cleaning properties, including water contact angle, and offers insights into coating preparation methods with a focus on photocatalysis.