Context Obesity has emerged as a global health issue for the pediatric population, increasing the need to investigate physiopathological aspects to prevent the appearance of its cardiometabolic complications. Chrononutrition is a field of research in nutritional sciences that investigates the health impact of 3 different dimensions of feeding behavior: regularity of meals, frequency, and timing of food intake.Objective We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between chrononutrition in children and adolescents and the risk of overweight/obesity or a cluster of metabolic abnormalities related to glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk.Data Extraction A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before August 2022.Data Analysis A total of 64 articles were included in the narrative synthesis (47 cross-sectional and 17 cohort studies), while 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that non-daily breakfast consumers (<= 6 d/wk) had a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.82] compared with daily breakfast eaters (7 d/wk). Similarly, irregular breakfast consumption (only 0-to-3 times/wk) increased the risk of abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio >= 0.5) compared with regular consumption (5-to-7 times/wk) (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). There was evidence to suggest that a regular frequency of meal consumption (>= 4 times/d) is preventive against overweight/obesity development compared with fewer meals (<= 3 times/d) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In the narrative synthesis, snacking habits showed controversial results, while food timing was the most understudied dimension.Conclusion Overall, our data indicate a potential implication of chrononutrition in affecting pediatric metabolic health; however, the evidence of this association is limited and heterogeneous. Further prospective and intervention studies with a consistent approach to categorize the exposure are needed to elucidate the importance of chrononutrition for pediatric metabolic health.

Chrononutrition and metabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis / G. Fiore, S. Scapaticci, C.R. Neri, H. Azaryah, M. Escudero-Marín, M.C. Pascuzzi, A. La Mendola, C. Mameli, F. Chiarelli, C. Campoy, G. Zuccotti, E. Verduci. - In: NUTRITION REVIEWS. - ISSN 0029-6643. - (2023 Nov 07). [Epub ahead of print] [10.1093/nutrit/nuad122]

Chrononutrition and metabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

G. Fiore
Primo
;
A. La Mendola;C. Mameli;G. Zuccotti;E. Verduci
Ultimo
2023

Abstract

Context Obesity has emerged as a global health issue for the pediatric population, increasing the need to investigate physiopathological aspects to prevent the appearance of its cardiometabolic complications. Chrononutrition is a field of research in nutritional sciences that investigates the health impact of 3 different dimensions of feeding behavior: regularity of meals, frequency, and timing of food intake.Objective We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between chrononutrition in children and adolescents and the risk of overweight/obesity or a cluster of metabolic abnormalities related to glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk.Data Extraction A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before August 2022.Data Analysis A total of 64 articles were included in the narrative synthesis (47 cross-sectional and 17 cohort studies), while 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that non-daily breakfast consumers (<= 6 d/wk) had a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.82] compared with daily breakfast eaters (7 d/wk). Similarly, irregular breakfast consumption (only 0-to-3 times/wk) increased the risk of abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio >= 0.5) compared with regular consumption (5-to-7 times/wk) (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). There was evidence to suggest that a regular frequency of meal consumption (>= 4 times/d) is preventive against overweight/obesity development compared with fewer meals (<= 3 times/d) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In the narrative synthesis, snacking habits showed controversial results, while food timing was the most understudied dimension.Conclusion Overall, our data indicate a potential implication of chrononutrition in affecting pediatric metabolic health; however, the evidence of this association is limited and heterogeneous. Further prospective and intervention studies with a consistent approach to categorize the exposure are needed to elucidate the importance of chrononutrition for pediatric metabolic health.
abdominal obesity; breakfast habits; childhood obesity; children and adolescents; chrononutrition; meal frequency
Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica
Settore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate
7-nov-2023
7-nov-2023
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1027470
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