Stone monuments can be difficult environments for life, particularly with respect to liquid water access. Nevertheless, microbial communities are found on them with apparent ubiquity. A variety of strategies for access to liquid water have been proposed. Regardless of their water-retention mechanisms details, though, we argue that water activity (a key indicator for cell viability) is constrained by environmental conditions, largely inde-pendently of community structure, and is predicted by the local temperature and relative humidity. However, direct measurement of water activity in SABs, particularly those growing on stone surfaces, is difficult. A method for estimating water activity within SABs is presented that uses a minimally invasive combination of conservative sampling, weather data, confocal imaging, and mathematical modeling. Applying the methodology to mea-surements from the marble roofs of the Federal Hall National Memorial and of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, estimations are made for water activity in their subaerial stone communities over the course of an approximately one year period.
Water activity in subaerial microbial biofilms on stone monuments / A. Tenore, Y. Wu, J. Jacob, D. Bittermann, F. Villa, B. Buttaro, I. Klapper. - In: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. - ISSN 0048-9697. - 900:(2023 Nov 20), pp. 165790.1-165790.10. [10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165790]
Water activity in subaerial microbial biofilms on stone monuments
F. Villa;
2023
Abstract
Stone monuments can be difficult environments for life, particularly with respect to liquid water access. Nevertheless, microbial communities are found on them with apparent ubiquity. A variety of strategies for access to liquid water have been proposed. Regardless of their water-retention mechanisms details, though, we argue that water activity (a key indicator for cell viability) is constrained by environmental conditions, largely inde-pendently of community structure, and is predicted by the local temperature and relative humidity. However, direct measurement of water activity in SABs, particularly those growing on stone surfaces, is difficult. A method for estimating water activity within SABs is presented that uses a minimally invasive combination of conservative sampling, weather data, confocal imaging, and mathematical modeling. Applying the methodology to mea-surements from the marble roofs of the Federal Hall National Memorial and of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, estimations are made for water activity in their subaerial stone communities over the course of an approximately one year period.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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