The synergic combination of D-dimer (as proxy of thrombotic/vascular injury) and static compliance (as proxy of parenchymal injury) in predicting mortality in COVID-19-ARDS has not been systematically evaluated. The objective is to determine whether the combination of elevated D-dimer and low static compliance can predict mortality in patients with COVID-19-ARDS. A "training sample" (March-June 2020) and a "testing sample" (September 2020-January 2021) of adult patients invasively ventilated for COVID-19-ARDS were collected in nine hospitals. D-dimer and compliance in the first 24 h were recorded. Study outcome was all-cause mortality at 28-days. Cut-offs for D-dimer and compliance were identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Mutually exclusive groups were selected using classification tree analysis with chi-square automatic interaction detection. Time to death in the resulting groups was estimated with Cox regression adjusted for SOFA, sex, age, PaO2/FiO(2) ratio, and sample (training/testing). "Training" and "testing" samples amounted to 347 and 296 patients, respectively. Three groups were identified: D-dimer <= 1880 ng/mL (LD); D-dimer > 1880 ng/mL and compliance > 41 mL/cmH(2)O (LD-HC); D-dimer > 1880 ng/mL and compliance <= 41 mL/cmH(2)O (HD-LC). 28-days mortality progressively increased in the three groups (from 24% to 35% and 57% (training) and from 27% to 39% and 60% (testing), respectively; p < 0.01). Adjusted mortality was significantly higher in HD-LC group compared with LD (HR = 0.479, p < 0.001) and HD-HC (HR = 0.542, p < 0.01); no difference was found between LD and HD-HC. In conclusion, combination of high D-dimer and low static compliance identifies a clinical phenotype with high mortality in COVID-19-ARDS.
Synergistic Effect of Static Compliance and D-dimers to Predict Outcome of Patients with COVID-19-ARDS : A Prospective Multicenter Study / T. Tonetti, G. Grasselli, P. Rucci, F. Alessandri, A. Dell'Olio, A. Boscolo, L. Pasin, N. Sella, C. Mega, R.M. Melotti, M. Girardis, S. Busani, G. Bellani, G. Foti, D.L. Grieco, V. Scaravilli, A. Protti, T. Langer, L. Mascia, F. Pugliese, M. Cecconi, R. Fumagalli, S. Nava, M. Antonelli, A.S. Slutsky, P. Navalesi, A. Pesenti, V.M. Ranieri. - In: BIOMEDICINES. - ISSN 2227-9059. - 9:9(2021 Sep 15), pp. 1228.1-1228.12. [10.3390/biomedicines9091228]
Synergistic Effect of Static Compliance and D-dimers to Predict Outcome of Patients with COVID-19-ARDS : A Prospective Multicenter Study
G. Grasselli;V. Scaravilli;A. Pesenti;
2021
Abstract
The synergic combination of D-dimer (as proxy of thrombotic/vascular injury) and static compliance (as proxy of parenchymal injury) in predicting mortality in COVID-19-ARDS has not been systematically evaluated. The objective is to determine whether the combination of elevated D-dimer and low static compliance can predict mortality in patients with COVID-19-ARDS. A "training sample" (March-June 2020) and a "testing sample" (September 2020-January 2021) of adult patients invasively ventilated for COVID-19-ARDS were collected in nine hospitals. D-dimer and compliance in the first 24 h were recorded. Study outcome was all-cause mortality at 28-days. Cut-offs for D-dimer and compliance were identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Mutually exclusive groups were selected using classification tree analysis with chi-square automatic interaction detection. Time to death in the resulting groups was estimated with Cox regression adjusted for SOFA, sex, age, PaO2/FiO(2) ratio, and sample (training/testing). "Training" and "testing" samples amounted to 347 and 296 patients, respectively. Three groups were identified: D-dimer <= 1880 ng/mL (LD); D-dimer > 1880 ng/mL and compliance > 41 mL/cmH(2)O (LD-HC); D-dimer > 1880 ng/mL and compliance <= 41 mL/cmH(2)O (HD-LC). 28-days mortality progressively increased in the three groups (from 24% to 35% and 57% (training) and from 27% to 39% and 60% (testing), respectively; p < 0.01). Adjusted mortality was significantly higher in HD-LC group compared with LD (HR = 0.479, p < 0.001) and HD-HC (HR = 0.542, p < 0.01); no difference was found between LD and HD-HC. In conclusion, combination of high D-dimer and low static compliance identifies a clinical phenotype with high mortality in COVID-19-ARDS.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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