Antidepressants in bipolar disorder : Analysis of correlates overall, and in BD-I and BD-II subsamples

Background: Clinical therapeutic approaches to Bipolar Disorders (BDs) include diverse pharmacotherapies, targeting different symptomatic BD presentations. To date, guidelines about pharmacological treatment of BDs have focused on short-term treatment of mood episodes, at the expense of longer-term treatment, especially for (the most common) predominantly depressive polarity patients. Methods: A database of BD-I and BD-II patients was collected between 2013 and 2019 at the University Psychiatric Clinic of Ospedale Policlinico and Ospedale Luigi Sacco of Milan. Only patients in euthymic phases (no current mood episode) were included in the study. We then analyzed socio-demographic and clinical characteristic overall and in the subgroup BD-I and BD-II, comparing patients taking vs. not taking ADs. Results: Our results showed that approximately 1/3 of BD patients between acute episodes took ADs, also among patients from the subgroup with BD-I, especially those first presenting with a depressive episodes, and those with a most recent depressive (as opposed to elevated, irritable, or mixed) polarity episode. Limitations: Although patients included in our study were primarily in follow up for Bipolar Disorder, use of ADs could be explained by other comorbidities, such as Anxiety or Eating Disorders. Conclusions: These data shed light on how managing depressive symptoms is a very important aspect of treating BDs, highlighting the need for wider and more specific studies on the use of ADs in BDs.