17alpha- and 17beta-boldenone 17-glucuronides : synthesis and complete characterization by 1H and 13C NMR

Boldenone is an androgenic anabolic steroid intensively used for growth promoting purposes in animals destined for meat production and as a performance enhancer in athletics. Therefore its use is officially banned either in animals intended for consumption or in humans. Because most anabolic steroids are completely metabolized and usually no parent steroid is excreted, metabolite identification is crucial to detect the illegal use of anabolic steroids either in humans or in livestock. 17α- and 17β-boldenone 17-glucuronides were synthesized, purified and characterized in order to provide suitable standards for the identification and quantification of these metabolites.