The new Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is a good predictor of muscle dysfunction in institutionalised older patients

Background & aims: The validity of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), in predicting nutrition-related risk of complications in the elderly, has been recently underscored. Malnutrition may results also in muscle function impairment. Thus, the present study aims to investigate if GNRI might be a reliable detector of muscle dysfunction in institutionalized older people. Methods: In total, 153 institutionalized elderly (71 males, 82 females; mean age±SD: 75.2±8.4; range: 65-96) were studied in anthropometric parameters, serum albumin concentration and total score on GNRI. Muscle function was assessed by handgrip strength (HG). Results: Women were significantly older than men and presented lower values of HG and arm muscle area (AMA). In overall population, GNRI was significantly correlated with AMA, HG and strength for centimeter of muscle area (HG/AMA); however, in gender-separated analysis, men presented higher degrees of correlation. After dividing patients in four categories according to GNRI, a more significant difference was detected in HG and HG/AMA rather than the other clinical and anthropometric parameters. Moreover, ANOVA analysis between HG quartiles was highly significant for GNRI, AMA and HG/AMA. Conclusions: GNRI is a good predictor of muscle dysfunction, particularly in men, and useful in identifying patients suitable for nutritional support and physical activity.