Constraining models for the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with a novel combined analysis of arrival directions, spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abdul Halim, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Allekotte, I.; Almeida Cheminant, K.; Almela, A.; Aloisio, R.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Ammerman Yebra, J.; Anastasi, G.A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Araújo Ferreira, P.R.; Arnone, E.; Arteaga Velázquez, J.C.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Avocone, E.; Badescu, A.M.; Bakalova, A.; Balaceanu, A.; Barbato, F.; Bartz Mocellin, A.; Bellido, J.A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M.E.; Bhatta, G.; Bianciotto, M.; Biermann, P.L.; Binet, V.; Bismark, K.; Bister, T.; Biteau, J.; Blazek, J.; Bleve, C.; Blümer, J.; Boháčová, M.; Boncioli, D.; Bonifazi, C.; Bonneau Arbeletche, L.; Borodai, N.; Brack, J.; Brichetto Orchera, P.G.; Briechle, F.L.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Buscemi, M.; Büsken, M.; Bwembya, A.; Caballero-Mora, K.S.; Caccianiga, L.; Caracas, I.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Catalani, F.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cerda, M.; Chinellato, J.A.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Clay, R.W.; Cobos Cerutti, A.C.; Colalillo, R.; Coleman, A.; Coluccia, M.R.; Conceição, R.; Condorelli, A.; Consolati, G.; Conte, M.; Convenga, F.; Correia dos Santos, D.; Costa, P.J.; Covault, C.E.; Cristinziani, M.; Cruz Sanchez, C.S.; Dasso, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B.R.; de Almeida, R.M.; de Jesús, J.; de Jong, S.J.; de Mello Neto, J.R.T.; De Mitri, I.; de Oliveira, J.; de Oliveira Franco, D.; de Palma, F.; de Souza, V.; De Vito, E.; Del Popolo, A.; Deligny, O.; Deval, L.; di Matteo, A.; Dobre, M.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J.C.; Domingues Mendes, L.M.; dos Anjos, J.C.; dos Anjos, R.C.; Ebr, J.; Ellwanger, F.; Emam, M.; Engel, R.; Epicoco, I.; Erdmann, M.; Etchegoyen, A.; Evoli, C.; Falcke, H.; Farmer, J.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A.C.; Fazzini, N.; Feldbusch, F.; Fenu, F.; Fernandes, A.; Fick, B.; Figueira, J.M.; Filipčič, A.; Fitoussi, T.; Flaggs, B.; Fodran, T.; Fujii, T.; Fuster, A.; Galea, C.; Galelli, C.; García, B.; Gaudu, C.; Gemmeke, H.; Gesualdi, F.; Gherghel-Lascu, A.; Ghia, P.L.; Giaccari, U.; Giammarchi, M.; Glombitza, J.; Gobbi, F.; Gollan, F.; Golup, G.; Gómez Berisso, M.; Gómez Vitale, P.F.; Gongora, J.P.; González, J.M.; González, N.; Goos, I.; Góra, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gottowik, M.; Grubb, T.D.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G.P.; Guido, E.; Hahn, S.; Hamal, P.; Hampel, M.R.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harvey, V.M.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Hojvat, C.; Hörandel, J.R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovský, M.; Huege, T.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P.G.; Janecek, P.; Johnsen, J.A.; Jurysek, J.; Kääpä, A.; Kampert, K.H.; Keilhauer, B.; Khakurdikar, A.; Kizakke Covilakam, V.V.; Klages, H.O.; Kleifges, M.; Knapp, F.; Kunka, N.; Lago, B.L.; Langner, N.; Leigui de Oliveira, M.A.; Lema-Capeans, Y.; Lenok, V.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lo Presti, D.; Lopes, L.; Lu, L.; Luce, Q.; Lundquist, J.P.; Machado Payeras, A.; Majercakova, M.; Mandat, D.; Manning, B.C.; Mantsch, P.; Marafico, S.; Mariani, F.M.; Mariazzi, A.G.; Mariş, I.C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinelli, S.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Martins, M.A.; Mastrodicasa, M.; Mathes, H.J.; Matthews, J.; Matthiae, G.; Mayotte, E.; Mayotte, S.; Mazur, P.O.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Meinert, J.; Melo, D.; Menshikov, A.; Merx, C.; Michal, S.; Micheletti, M.I.; Miramonti, L.; Mollerach, S.; Montanet, F.; Morejon, L.; Morello, C.; Müller, A.L.; Mulrey, K.; Mussa, R.; Muzio, M.; Namasaka, W.M.; Nasr-Esfahani, A.; Nellen, L.; Nicora, G.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.; Niechciol, M.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Novotny, V.; Nožka, L.; Nucita, A.; Núñez, L.A.; Oliveira, C.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Parente, G.; Pawlowsky, J.; Pech, M.; Pȩkala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Pereira, L.A.S.; Pereira Martins, E.E.; Perez Armand, J.; Pérez Bertolli, C.; Perrone, L.; Petrera, S.; Petrucci, C.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Platino, M.; Pont, B.; Pothast, M.; Pourmohammad Shahvar, M.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Puyleart, A.; Querchfeld, S.; Rautenberg, J.; Ravignani, D.; Reininghaus, M.; Ridky, J.; Riehn, F.; Risse, M.; Rizi, V.; Rodrigues de Carvalho, W.; Rodriguez, E.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Roncoroni, M.J.; Rossoni, S.; Roth, M.; Roulet, E.; Rovero, A.C.; Ruehl, P.; Saftoiu, A.; Saharan, M.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Salina, G.; Sanabria Gomez, J.D.; Sánchez, F.; Santos, E.M.; Santos, E.; Sarazin, F.; Sarmento, R.; Sato, R.; Savina, P.; Schäfer, C.M.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schimassek, M.; Schimp, M.; Schlüter, F.; Schmidt, D.; Scholten, O.; Schoorlemmer, H.; Schovánek, P.; Schröder, F.G.; Schulte, J.; Schulz, T.; Sciutto, S.J.; Scornavacche, M.; Segreto, A.; Sehgal, S.; Shivashankara, S.U.; Sigl, G.; Silli, G.; Sima, O.; Simon, F.; Smau, R.; Šmída, R.; Sommers, P.; Soriano, J.F.; Squartini, R.; Stadelmaier, M.; Stanca, D.; Stanič, S.; Stasielak, J.; Stassi, P.; Straub, M.; Streich, A.; Suárez-Durán, M.; Suomijärvi, T.; Supanitsky, A.D.; Svozilikova, Z.; Szadkowski, Z.; Tapia, A.; Taricco, C.; Timmermans, C.; Tkachenko, O.; Tobiska, P.; Todero Peixoto, C.J.; Tomé, B.; Torrès, Z.; Travaini, A.; Travnicek, P.; Trimarelli, C.; Tueros, M.; Unger, M.; Vaclavek, L.; Vacula, M.; Valdés Galicia, J.F.; Valore, L.; Varela, E.; Vásquez-Ramírez, A.; Veberič, D.; Ventura, C.; Vergara Quispe, I.D.; Verzi, V.; Vicha, J.; Vink, J.; Vlastimil, J.; Vorobiov, S.; Watanabe, C.; Watson, A.A.; Weindl, A.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczyński, H.; Wittkowski, D.; Wundheiler, B.; Yue, B.; Yushkov, A.; Zapparrata, O.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Null, N.

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2024/01/022

The combined fit of the measured energy spectrum and shower maximum depth distributions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is known to constrain the parameters of astrophysical models with homogeneous source distributions. Studies of the distribution of the cosmic-ray arrival directions show a better agreement with models in which a fraction of the flux is non-isotropic and associated with the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A or with catalogs such as that of starburst galaxies. Here, we present a novel combination of both analyses by a simultaneous fit of arrival directions, energy spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The model takes into account a rigidity-dependent magnetic field blurring and an energy-dependent evolution of the catalog contribution shaped by interactions during propagation. We find that a model containing a flux contribution from the starburst galaxy catalog of around 20% at 40 EeV with a magnetic field blurring of around 20◦ for a rigidity of 10 EV provides a fair simultaneous description of all three observables. The starburst galaxy model is favored with a significance of 4.5σ (considering experimental systematic effects) compared to a reference model with only homogeneously distributed background sources. By investigating a scenario with Centaurus A as a single source in combination with the homogeneous background, we confirm that this region of the sky provides the dominant contribution to the observed anisotropy signal. Models containing a catalog of jetted active galactic nuclei whose flux scales with the γ-ray emission are, however, disfavored as they cannot adequately describe the measured arrival directions.

Constraining models for the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with a novel combined analysis of arrival directions, spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory / A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, R. Aloisio, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ammerman Yebra, G.A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J.C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A.M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, A. Bartz Mocellin, J.A. Bellido, C. Berat, M.E. Bertaina, G. Bhatta, M. Bianciotto, P.L. Biermann, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, F.L. Briechle, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K.S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, I. Caracas, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R.W. Clay, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, M. Conte, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, P.J. Costa, C.E. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C.S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S.J. de Jong, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J.C. D'Olivo, L.M. Domingues Mendes, J.C. dos Anjos, R.C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, F. Ellwanger, M. Emam, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, C. Evoli, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, A. Fernandes, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, C. Gaudu, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P.L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, J.P. Gongora, J.M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T.D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G.P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M.R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V.M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, C. Hojvat, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P.G. Isar, P. Janecek, J.A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K.H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V.V. Kizakke Covilakam, H.O. Klages, M. Kleifges, F. Knapp, N. Kunka, B.L. Lago, N. Langner, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, Y. Lema-Capeans, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J.P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, M. Majercakova, D. Mandat, B.C. Manning, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F.M. Mariani, A.G. Mariazzi, I.C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Martínez Bravo, M.A. Martins, M. Mastrodicasa, H.J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, C. Merx, S. Michal, M.I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, A.L. Müller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W.M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A. Nucita, L.A. Núñez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, L.A.S. Pereira, E.E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shahvar, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, E. Rodriguez, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E.M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, C.M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, F.G. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S.U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, F. Simon, R. Smau, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J.F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Straub, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, Z. Svozilikova, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C.J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J.F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I.D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, J. Vlastimil, S. Vorobiov, C. Watanabe, A.A. Watson, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, B. Yue, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, N. Null. - In: JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. - ISSN 1475-7516. - 2024:1(2024 Jan 11), pp. 22.1-22.42. [10.1088/1475-7516/2024/01/022]

Constraining models for the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with a novel combined analysis of arrival directions, spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abdul Halim, A.;Abreu, P.;Aglietta, M.;Allekotte, I.;Almeida Cheminant, K.;Almela, A.;Aloisio, R.;Alvarez-Muñiz, J.;Ammerman Yebra, J.;Anastasi, G. A.;Anchordoqui, L.;Andrada, B.;Andringa, S.;Aramo, C.;Araújo Ferreira, P. R.;Arnone, E.;Arteaga Velázquez, J. C.;Asorey, H.;Assis, P.;Avila, G.;Avocone, E.;Badescu, A. M.;Bakalova, A.;Balaceanu, A.;Barbato, F.;Bartz Mocellin, A.;Bellido, J. A.;Berat, C.;Bertaina, M. E.;Bhatta, G.;Bianciotto, M.;Biermann, P. L.;Binet, V.;Bismark, K.;Bister, T.;Biteau, J.;Blazek, J.;Bleve, C.;Blümer, J.;Boháčová, M.;Boncioli, D.;Bonifazi, C.;Bonneau Arbeletche, L.;Borodai, N.;Brack, J.;Brichetto Orchera, P. G.;Briechle, F. L.;Bueno, A.;Buitink, S.;Buscemi, M.;Büsken, M.;Bwembya, A.;Caballero-Mora, K. S.;L. Caccianiga;Caracas, I.;Caruso, R.;Castellina, A.;Catalani, F.;Cataldi, G.;Cazon, L.;Cerda, M.;Chinellato, J. A.;Chudoba, J.;Chytka, L.;Clay, R. W.;Cobos Cerutti, A. C.;Colalillo, R.;Coleman, A.;Coluccia, M. R.;Conceição, R.;Condorelli, A.;Consolati, G.;Conte, M.;Convenga, F.;Correia dos Santos, D.;Costa, P. J.;Covault, C. E.;Cristinziani, M.;Cruz Sanchez, C. S.;Dasso, S.;Daumiller, K.;Dawson, B. R.;de Almeida, R. M.;de Jesús, J.;de Jong, S. J.;de Mello Neto, J. R. T.;De Mitri, I.;de Oliveira, J.;de Oliveira Franco, D.;de Palma, F.;de Souza, V.;De Vito, E.;Del Popolo, A.;Deligny, O.;Deval, L.;di Matteo, A.;Dobre, M.;Dobrigkeit, C.;D'Olivo, J. C.;Domingues Mendes, L. M.;dos Anjos, J. C.;dos Anjos, R. C.;Ebr, J.;Ellwanger, F.;Emam, M.;Engel, R.;Epicoco, I.;Erdmann, M.;Etchegoyen, A.;Evoli, C.;Falcke, H.;Farmer, J.;Farrar, G.;Fauth, A. C.;Fazzini, N.;Feldbusch, F.;Fenu, F.;Fernandes, A.;Fick, B.;Figueira, J. M.;Filipčič, A.;Fitoussi, T.;Flaggs, B.;Fodran, T.;Fujii, T.;Fuster, A.;Galea, C.;C. Galelli;García, B.;Gaudu, C.;Gemmeke, H.;Gesualdi, F.;Gherghel-Lascu, A.;Ghia, P. L.;Giaccari, U.;M. Giammarchi;Glombitza, J.;Gobbi, F.;Gollan, F.;Golup, G.;Gómez Berisso, M.;Gómez Vitale, P. F.;Gongora, J. P.;González, J. M.;González, N.;Goos, I.;Góra, D.;Gorgi, A.;Gottowik, M.;Grubb, T. D.;Guarino, F.;Guedes, G. P.;Guido, E.;Hahn, S.;Hamal, P.;Hampel, M. R.;Hansen, P.;Harari, D.;Harvey, V. M.;Haungs, A.;Hebbeker, T.;Hojvat, C.;Hörandel, J. R.;Horvath, P.;Hrabovský, M.;Huege, T.;Insolia, A.;Isar, P. G.;Janecek, P.;Johnsen, J. A.;Jurysek, J.;Kääpä, A.;Kampert, K. H.;Keilhauer, B.;Khakurdikar, A.;Kizakke Covilakam, V. V.;Klages, H. O.;Kleifges, M.;Knapp, F.;Kunka, N.;Lago, B. L.;Langner, N.;Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.;Lema-Capeans, Y.;Lenok, V.;Letessier-Selvon, A.;Lhenry-Yvon, I.;Lo Presti, D.;Lopes, L.;Lu, L.;Luce, Q.;Lundquist, J. P.;Machado Payeras, A.;Majercakova, M.;Mandat, D.;Manning, B. C.;Mantsch, P.;Marafico, S.;F.M. Mariani;Mariazzi, A. G.;Mariş, I. C.;Marsella, G.;Martello, D.;Martinelli, S.;Martínez Bravo, O.;Martins, M. A.;Mastrodicasa, M.;Mathes, H. J.;Matthews, J.;Matthiae, G.;Mayotte, E.;Mayotte, S.;Mazur, P. O.;Medina-Tanco, G.;Meinert, J.;Melo, D.;Menshikov, A.;Merx, C.;Michal, S.;Micheletti, M. I.;L. Miramonti;Mollerach, S.;Montanet, F.;Morejon, L.;Morello, C.;Müller, A. L.;Mulrey, K.;Mussa, R.;Muzio, M.;Namasaka, W. M.;Nasr-Esfahani, A.;Nellen, L.;Nicora, G.;Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.;Niechciol, M.;Nitz, D.;Nosek, D.;Novotny, V.;Nožka, L.;Nucita, A.;Núñez, L. A.;Oliveira, C.;Palatka, M.;Pallotta, J.;Parente, G.;Pawlowsky, J.;Pech, M.;Pȩkala, J.;Pelayo, R.;Pereira, L. A. S.;Pereira Martins, E. E.;Perez Armand, J.;Pérez Bertolli, C.;Perrone, L.;Petrera, S.;Petrucci, C.;Pierog, T.;Pimenta, M.;Platino, M.;Pont, B.;Pothast, M.;Pourmohammad Shahvar, M.;Privitera, P.;Prouza, M.;Puyleart, A.;Querchfeld, S.;Rautenberg, J.;Ravignani, D.;Reininghaus, M.;Ridky, J.;Riehn, F.;Risse, M.;Rizi, V.;Rodrigues de Carvalho, W.;Rodriguez, E.;Rodriguez Rojo, J.;Roncoroni, M. J.;Rossoni, S.;Roth, M.;Roulet, E.;Rovero, A. C.;Ruehl, P.;Saftoiu, A.;Saharan, M.;Salamida, F.;Salazar, H.;Salina, G.;Sanabria Gomez, J. D.;Sánchez, F.;Santos, E. M.;Santos, E.;Sarazin, F.;Sarmento, R.;Sato, R.;Savina, P.;Schäfer, C. M.;V. Scherini;Schieler, H.;Schimassek, M.;Schimp, M.;Schlüter, F.;Schmidt, D.;Scholten, O.;Schoorlemmer, H.;Schovánek, P.;Schröder, F. G.;Schulte, J.;Schulz, T.;Sciutto, S. J.;Scornavacche, M.;Segreto, A.;Sehgal, S.;Shivashankara, S. U.;Sigl, G.;Silli, G.;Sima, O.;Simon, F.;Smau, R.;Šmída, R.;Sommers, P.;Soriano, J. F.;Squartini, R.;Stadelmaier, M.;Stanca, D.;Stanič, S.;Stasielak, J.;Stassi, P.;Straub, M.;Streich, A.;Suárez-Durán, M.;Suomijärvi, T.;Supanitsky, A. D.;Svozilikova, Z.;Szadkowski, Z.;Tapia, A.;Taricco, C.;Timmermans, C.;Tkachenko, O.;Tobiska, P.;Todero Peixoto, C. J.;Tomé, B.;Torrès, Z.;Travaini, A.;Travnicek, P.;Trimarelli, C.;Tueros, M.;Unger, M.;Vaclavek, L.;Vacula, M.;Valdés Galicia, J. F.;Valore, L.;Varela, E.;Vásquez-Ramírez, A.;Veberič, D.;Ventura, C.;Vergara Quispe, I. D.;Verzi, V.;Vicha, J.;Vink, J.;Vlastimil, J.;Vorobiov, S.;Watanabe, C.;Watson, A. A.;Weindl, A.;Wiencke, L.;Wilczyński, H.;Wittkowski, D.;Wundheiler, B.;Yue, B.;Yushkov, A.;Zapparrata, O.;Zas, E.;Zavrtanik, D.;Zavrtanik, M.;null, null

2024

Abstract

The combined fit of the measured energy spectrum and shower maximum depth distributions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is known to constrain the parameters of astrophysical models with homogeneous source distributions. Studies of the distribution of the cosmic-ray arrival directions show a better agreement with models in which a fraction of the flux is non-isotropic and associated with the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A or with catalogs such as that of starburst galaxies. Here, we present a novel combination of both analyses by a simultaneous fit of arrival directions, energy spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The model takes into account a rigidity-dependent magnetic field blurring and an energy-dependent evolution of the catalog contribution shaped by interactions during propagation. We find that a model containing a flux contribution from the starburst galaxy catalog of around 20% at 40 EeV with a magnetic field blurring of around 20◦ for a rigidity of 10 EV provides a fair simultaneous description of all three observables. The starburst galaxy model is favored with a significance of 4.5σ (considering experimental systematic effects) compared to a reference model with only homogeneously distributed background sources. By investigating a scenario with Centaurus A as a single source in combination with the homogeneous background, we confirm that this region of the sky provides the dominant contribution to the observed anisotropy signal. Models containing a catalog of jetted active galactic nuclei whose flux scales with the γ-ray emission are, however, disfavored as they cannot adequately describe the measured arrival directions.

Scheda breve

Scheda completa

Scheda completa (DC)

	Parole chiave
	
			active galactic nuclei; cosmic ray experiments; ultra high energy cosmic rays;
		
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo
	
			Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale
Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica
		
	Data di pubblicazione
	
			11-gen-2024
		
	Rivista in ANCE
	
			JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
		
	DOI
	
			https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/01/022
		
	Tipologia
	
			Article (author)
		
	Appare nelle tipologie:
	
			01 - Articolo su periodico

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Abdul_Halim_2024_J._Cosmol._Astropart._Phys._2024_022(1).pdf accesso aperto Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF Dimensione 3.94 MB Formato Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri	3.94 MB	Adobe PDF	Visualizza/Apri

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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1032991

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