Hyaluronic Acid Levels Predict Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Liver-Related Death in HIV/Viral Hepatitis Coinfected Patients

Peters, L.; Mocroft, A.; Soriano, V.; Rockstroh, J.; Rauch, A.; Karlsson, A.; Knysz, B.; Pradier, C.; Zilmer, K.; Lundgren, J.D.; Losso, M.; Kundro, M.; Vetter, N.; Zangerle, R.; Karpov, I.; Vassilenko, A.; Mitsura, V.M.; Suetnov, O.; Clumeck, N.; De Wit, S.; Delforge, M.; Colebunders, R.; Vandekerckhove, L.; Hadziosmanovic, V.; Kostov, K.; Begovac, J.; Machala, L.; Jilich, D.; Sedlacek, D.; Nielsen, J.; Kronborg, G.; Benfield, T.; Larsen, M.; Gerstoft, J.; Katzenstein, T.; Hansen, A.-.E.; Skinhoj, P.; Pedersen, C.; Ostergaard, L.; Smidt, J.; Ristola, M.; Katlama, C.; Viard, J.-.; Girard, P.-.; Livrozet, J.M.; Vanhems, P.; Dabis, F.; Neau, D.; Schmidt, R.; van Lunzen, J.; Degen, O.; Stellbrink, H.J.; Staszewski, S.; Bogner, J.; Fatkenheuer, G.; Kosmidis, J.; Gargalianos, P.; Xylomenos, G.; Perdios, J.; Panos, G.; Filandras, A.; Karabatsaki, E.; Sambatakou, H.; Banhegyi, D.; Mulcahy, F.; Yust, I.; Turner, D.; Burke, M.; Pollack, S.; Hassoun, G.; Maayan, S.; Vella, S.; Esposito, R.; Mazeu, I.; Mussini, C.; Arici, C.; Pristera, R.; Mazzotta, F.; Gabbuti, A.; Vullo, V.; Lichtner, M.; Chirianni, A.; Montesarchio, E.; Gargiulo, M.; Antonucci, G.; Testa, A.; Doffizi, G.; Vlassi, C.; Zaccarelli, M.; Antorini, A.; Lazzarin, A.; Castagna, A.; Gianotti, N.; Galli, M.; Ridolfo, A.; d'Arminio Monforte, A.; Rozentale, B.; Zeltina, I.; Chaplinskas, S.; Staub, T.; Hemmer, R.; Reiss, P.; Ormaasen, V.; Maeland, A.; Bruun, J.; Gasiorowski, J.; Horban, A.; Bakowska, E.; Grzeszczuk, A.; Flisiak, R.; Boron-Kaczmarska, A.; Pynka, M.; Parczewski, M.; Beniowski, M.; Mularska, E.; Trocha, H.; Jablonowska, E.; Malolepsza, E.; Wojcik, K.; Antunes, F.; Doroana, M.; Caldeira, L.; Mansinho, K.; Maltez, F.; Duiculescu, D.; Rakhmanova, A.; Zakharova, N.; Buzunova, S.; Jevtovic, D.; Mokras, M.; Stanekova, D.; Tomazic, J.; Gonzalez-Lahoz, J.; Labarga, P.; Medrano, J.; Moreno, S.; Rodriguez, J.M.; Clotet, B.; Jou, A.; Paredes, R.; Tural, C.; Puig, J.; Bravo, I.; Gatell, J.M.; Miro, J.M.; Domingo, P.; Gutierrez, M.; Mateo, G.; Sambeat, M.A.; Blaxhult, A.; Flamholc, L.; Ledergerber, B.; Weber, R.; Francioli, P.; Cavassini, M.; Hirschel, B.; Boffi, E.; Furrer, H.; Battegay, M.; Elzi, L.; Kravchenko, E.; Chentsova, N.; Frolov, V.; Kutsyna, G.; Servitskiy, S.; Krasnov, M.; Barton, S.; Johnson, A.M.; Mercey, D.; Phillips, A.; Johnson, M.A.; Murphy, M.; Weber, J.; Scullard, G.; Fisher, M.; Leen, C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064283

Background:Whereas it is well established that various soluble biomarkers can predict level of liver fibrosis, their ability to predict liver-related clinical outcomes is less clearly established, in particular among HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected persons. We investigated plasma hyaluronic acid's (HA) ability to predict risk of liver-related events (LRE; hepatic coma or liver-related death) in the EuroSIDA study.Methods:Patients included were positive for anti-HCV and/or HBsAg with at least one available plasma sample. The earliest collected plasma sample was tested for HA (normal range 0-75 ng/mL) and levels were associated with risk of LRE. Change in HA per year of follow-up was estimated after measuring HA levels in latest sample before the LRE for those experiencing this outcome (cases) and in a random selection of one sixth of the remaining patients (controls).Results:During a median of 8.2 years of follow-up, 84/1252 (6.7%) patients developed a LRE. Baseline median (IQR) HA in those without and with a LRE was 31.8 (17.2-62.6) and 221.6 ng/mL (74.9-611.3), respectively (p<0.0001). After adjustment, HA levels predicted risk of contracting a LRE; incidence rate ratios for HA levels 75-250 or ≥250 vs. <75 ng/mL were 5.22 (95% CI 2.86-9.26, p<0.0007) and 28.22 (95% CI 14.95-46.00, p<0.0001), respectively. Median HA levels increased substantially prior to developing a LRE (107.6 ng/mL, IQR 0.8 to 251.1), but remained stable for controls (1.0 ng/mL, IQR -5.1 to 8.2), (p<0.0001 comparing cases and controls), and greater increases predicted risk of a LRE in adjusted models (p<0.001).Conclusions:An elevated level of plasma HA, particularly if the level further increases over time, substantially increases the risk of contracting LRE over the next five years. HA is an inexpensive, standardized and non-invasive supplement to other methods aimed at identifying HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected patients at risk of hepatic complications. © 2013 Peters et al.

Hyaluronic Acid Levels Predict Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Liver-Related Death in HIV/Viral Hepatitis Coinfected Patients / L. Peters, A. Mocroft, V. Soriano, J. Rockstroh, A. Rauch, A. Karlsson, B. Knysz, C. Pradier, K. Zilmer, J.D. Lundgren, M. Losso, M. Kundro, N. Vetter, R. Zangerle, I. Karpov, A. Vassilenko, V.M. Mitsura, O. Suetnov, N. Clumeck, S. De Wit, M. Delforge, R. Colebunders, L. Vandekerckhove, V. Hadziosmanovic, K. Kostov, J. Begovac, L. Machala, D. Jilich, D. Sedlacek, J. Nielsen, G. Kronborg, T. Benfield, M. Larsen, J. Gerstoft, T. Katzenstein, A.-.E. Hansen, P. Skinhoj, C. Pedersen, L. Ostergaard, J. Smidt, M. Ristola, C. Katlama, J.-. Viard, P.-. Girard, J.M. Livrozet, P. Vanhems, F. Dabis, D. Neau, R. Schmidt, J. van Lunzen, O. Degen, H.J. Stellbrink, S. Staszewski, J. Bogner, G. Fatkenheuer, J. Kosmidis, P. Gargalianos, G. Xylomenos, J. Perdios, G. Panos, A. Filandras, E. Karabatsaki, H. Sambatakou, D. Banhegyi, F. Mulcahy, I. Yust, D. Turner, M. Burke, S. Pollack, G. Hassoun, S. Maayan, S. Vella, R. Esposito, I. Mazeu, C. Mussini, C. Arici, R. Pristera, F. Mazzotta, A. Gabbuti, V. Vullo, M. Lichtner, A. Chirianni, E. Montesarchio, M. Gargiulo, G. Antonucci, A. Testa, G. Doffizi, C. Vlassi, M. Zaccarelli, A. Antorini, A. Lazzarin, A. Castagna, N. Gianotti, M. Galli, A. Ridolfo, A. d'Arminio Monforte, B. Rozentale, I. Zeltina, S. Chaplinskas, T. Staub, R. Hemmer, P. Reiss, V. Ormaasen, A. Maeland, J. Bruun, J. Gasiorowski, A. Horban, E. Bakowska, A. Grzeszczuk, R. Flisiak, A. Boron-Kaczmarska, M. Pynka, M. Parczewski, M. Beniowski, E. Mularska, H. Trocha, E. Jablonowska, E. Malolepsza, K. Wojcik, F. Antunes, M. Doroana, L. Caldeira, K. Mansinho, F. Maltez, D. Duiculescu, A. Rakhmanova, N. Zakharova, S. Buzunova, D. Jevtovic, M. Mokras, D. Stanekova, J. Tomazic, J. Gonzalez-Lahoz, P. Labarga, J. Medrano, S. Moreno, J.M. Rodriguez, B. Clotet, A. Jou, R. Paredes, C. Tural, J. Puig, I. Bravo, J.M. Gatell, J.M. Miro, P. Domingo, M. Gutierrez, G. Mateo, M.A. Sambeat, A. Blaxhult, L. Flamholc, B. Ledergerber, R. Weber, P. Francioli, M. Cavassini, B. Hirschel, E. Boffi, H. Furrer, M. Battegay, L. Elzi, E. Kravchenko, N. Chentsova, V. Frolov, G. Kutsyna, S. Servitskiy, M. Krasnov, S. Barton, A.M. Johnson, D. Mercey, A. Phillips, M.A. Johnson, M. Murphy, J. Weber, G. Scullard, M. Fisher, C. Leen. - In: PLOS ONE. - ISSN 1932-6203. - 8:5(2013 May 27), pp. e64283.1-e64283.10. [10.1371/journal.pone.0064283]

Hyaluronic Acid Levels Predict Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Liver-Related Death in HIV/Viral Hepatitis Coinfected Patients

Peters L.;Mocroft A.;Soriano V.;Rockstroh J.;Rauch A.;Karlsson A.;Knysz B.;Pradier C.;Zilmer K.;Lundgren J. D.;Losso M.;Kundro M.;Vetter N.;Zangerle R.;Karpov I.;Vassilenko A.;Mitsura V. M.;Suetnov O.;Clumeck N.;De Wit S.;Delforge M.;Colebunders R.;Vandekerckhove L.;Hadziosmanovic V.;Kostov K.;Begovac J.;Machala L.;Jilich D.;Sedlacek D.;Nielsen J.;Kronborg G.;Benfield T.;Larsen M.;Gerstoft J.;Katzenstein T.;Hansen A. -B. E.;Skinhoj P.;Pedersen C.;Ostergaard L.;Smidt J.;Ristola M.;Katlama C.;Viard J. -P.;Girard P. -M.;Livrozet J. M.;Vanhems P.;Dabis F.;Neau D.;Schmidt R.;van Lunzen J.;Degen O.;Stellbrink H. J.;Staszewski S.;Bogner J.;Fatkenheuer G.;Kosmidis J.;Gargalianos P.;Xylomenos G.;Perdios J.;Panos G.;Filandras A.;Karabatsaki E.;Sambatakou H.;Banhegyi D.;Mulcahy F.;Yust I.;Turner D.;Burke M.;Pollack S.;Hassoun G.;Maayan S.;Vella S.;Esposito R.;Mazeu I.;Mussini C.;Arici C.;Pristera R.;Mazzotta F.;Gabbuti A.;Vullo V.;Lichtner M.;Chirianni A.;Montesarchio E.;Gargiulo M.;Antonucci G.;Testa A.;Doffizi G.;Vlassi C.;Zaccarelli M.;Antorini A.;Lazzarin A.;Castagna A.;Gianotti N.;M. Galli;Ridolfo A.;A. d'Arminio Monforte;Rozentale B.;Zeltina I.;Chaplinskas S.;Staub T.;Hemmer R.;Reiss P.;Ormaasen V.;Maeland A.;Bruun J.;Gasiorowski J.;Horban A.;Bakowska E.;Grzeszczuk A.;Flisiak R.;Boron-Kaczmarska A.;Pynka M.;Parczewski M.;Beniowski M.;Mularska E.;Trocha H.;Jablonowska E.;Malolepsza E.;Wojcik K.;Antunes F.;Doroana M.;Caldeira L.;Mansinho K.;Maltez F.;Duiculescu D.;Rakhmanova A.;Zakharova N.;Buzunova S.;Jevtovic D.;Mokras M.;Stanekova D.;Tomazic J.;Gonzalez-Lahoz J.;Labarga P.;Medrano J.;Moreno S.;Rodriguez J. M.;Clotet B.;Jou A.;Paredes R.;Tural C.;Puig J.;Bravo I.;Gatell J. M.;Miro J. M.;Domingo P.;Gutierrez M.;Mateo G.;Sambeat M. A.;Blaxhult A.;Flamholc L.;Ledergerber B.;Weber R.;Francioli P.;Cavassini M.;Hirschel B.;Boffi E.;Furrer H.;Battegay M.;Elzi L.;Kravchenko E.;Chentsova N.;Frolov V.;Kutsyna G.;Servitskiy S.;Krasnov M.;Barton S.;Johnson A. M.;Mercey D.;Phillips A.;Johnson M. A.;Murphy M.;Weber J.;Scullard G.;Fisher M.;Leen C.

2013

Abstract

Background:Whereas it is well established that various soluble biomarkers can predict level of liver fibrosis, their ability to predict liver-related clinical outcomes is less clearly established, in particular among HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected persons. We investigated plasma hyaluronic acid's (HA) ability to predict risk of liver-related events (LRE; hepatic coma or liver-related death) in the EuroSIDA study.Methods:Patients included were positive for anti-HCV and/or HBsAg with at least one available plasma sample. The earliest collected plasma sample was tested for HA (normal range 0-75 ng/mL) and levels were associated with risk of LRE. Change in HA per year of follow-up was estimated after measuring HA levels in latest sample before the LRE for those experiencing this outcome (cases) and in a random selection of one sixth of the remaining patients (controls).Results:During a median of 8.2 years of follow-up, 84/1252 (6.7%) patients developed a LRE. Baseline median (IQR) HA in those without and with a LRE was 31.8 (17.2-62.6) and 221.6 ng/mL (74.9-611.3), respectively (p<0.0001). After adjustment, HA levels predicted risk of contracting a LRE; incidence rate ratios for HA levels 75-250 or ≥250 vs. <75 ng/mL were 5.22 (95% CI 2.86-9.26, p<0.0007) and 28.22 (95% CI 14.95-46.00, p<0.0001), respectively. Median HA levels increased substantially prior to developing a LRE (107.6 ng/mL, IQR 0.8 to 251.1), but remained stable for controls (1.0 ng/mL, IQR -5.1 to 8.2), (p<0.0001 comparing cases and controls), and greater increases predicted risk of a LRE in adjusted models (p<0.001).Conclusions:An elevated level of plasma HA, particularly if the level further increases over time, substantially increases the risk of contracting LRE over the next five years. HA is an inexpensive, standardized and non-invasive supplement to other methods aimed at identifying HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected patients at risk of hepatic complications. © 2013 Peters et al.

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	Parole chiave
	
			Adult; Biomarkers; Coinfection; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; ROC Curve; Risk Assessment; Young Adult
		
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo
	
			Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive
		
	Data di pubblicazione
	
			27-mag-2013
		
	Rivista in ANCE
	
			PLOS ONE
		
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			https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064283
		
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			01 - Articolo su periodico

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