Cone-Beam CT-Assisted Ablation of Renal Tumors: Preliminary Results

Introduction: Renal ablation is a recognized treatment modality for small renal masses. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) has been recently used in interventional oncology as a promising new guidance device, but this technology still needs to be validated for renal ablations. We aimed to assess the technical success of CBCT applications in renal ablative treatments. Materials and Methods: Between March 2016 and June 2018, 14 patients (mean age 69, range 54–83, 7F, 7M) underwent 21 renal ablations for histologically proven renal cell carcinoma (RCC). All treatments were performed with ultrasound (US) and CBCT guidance under general anesthesia in a dedicated angiography room setting. CBCT was mainly used to assess needle placement and to exclude complications at the end of the procedure. In two small lesions (< 1 cm), pre-acquired CBCT was co-registered with real-time US to obtain a US-CBCT fusion image guidance for tumor ablation. Results: Whether used alone or in combination with other imaging modalities, CBCT was proven to be technically successful in all 21 procedures to guide or assist tumor ablation. A primary technical efficacy of thermal ablation was achieved in 19/21 ablations (90.1%) at 1 month. Mean procedure duration was 100.2 min (range 160−64). Mean length of hospital stay was 2 days (range 1–10 days). All patients are still under active surveillance for a mean follow-up of 14.5 months (range 4–26 months). Conclusions: CBCT for renal ablation guidance is a viable tool. Larger series are needed to compare it to MDCT.