Dal pluralismo politco allo stato plurale (ovvero della democrazia al tempo dei populismi e degli etnonazionalismi)

What about the political pluralism in the contemporary State, in the era of reawakening of identities and ethnic revival? What about it, in the season of new nationalisms masked by sovereignisms and populisms that bring the concept of "people" back to the idea of "organic community", considered by someone to be the socio-political foundation of "true democracy", but that proved to be, on the contrary, the ideological basis of totalitarianism? In a global scenario in which we see a growing tension between unity and plurality, with opposite examples in a continuum that goes from the experimentation of "plural States" and "plurinational Republics" to the reaffirmation of "ethnic State", this article aims to recover an analytical perspective on a concept such as pluralism, that has never ceased to be, and is even more so today, inseparably connected with the idea and practice of democracy.