A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Enhancer Expression in Nearly 9000 Patient Samples

Chen, H.; Chunyan, L.; Peng, X.; Zhou, Z.; Weinstein, J.N.; Liang, H.; Caesar-Johnson, S.J.; Demchok, J.A.; Felau, I.; Kasapi, M.; Ferguson, M.L.; Hutter, C.M.; Sofia, H.J.; Tarnuzzer, R.; Wang, Z.; Yang, L.; Zenklusen, J.C.; Zhang, J.(.; Chudamani, S.; Liu, J.; Lolla, L.; Naresh, R.; Pihl, T.; Sun, Q.; Wan, Y.; Ye, W.; Cho, J.; Defreitas, T.; Frazer, S.; Gehlenborg, N.; Getz, G.; Heiman, D.I.; Kim, J.; Lawrence, M.S.; Lin, P.; Meier, S.; Noble, M.S.; Saksena, G.; Voet, D.; Zhang, H.; Bernard, B.; Chambwe, N.; Dhankani, V.; Knijnenburg, T.; Kramer, R.; Leinonen, K.; Liu, Y.; Miller, M.; Reynolds, S.; Shmulevich, I.; Thorsson, V.; Zhang, W.; Akbani, R.; Broom, B.M.; Hegde, A.M.; Zhenlin, J.; Kanchi, R.S.; Korkut, A.; Jun, L.; Liang, H.; Ling, S.; Liu, W.; Yiling, L.; Mills, G.B.; Kwok-Shing, N.; Rao, A.; Ryan, M.; Wang, J.; Weinstein, J.N.; Zhang, J.; Abeshouse, A.; Armenia, J.; Chakravarty, D.; Chatila, W.K.; de Bruijn, I.; Gao, J.; Gross, B.E.; Heins, Z.J.; Kundra, R.; Konnor, L.; Ladanyi, M.; Luna, A.; Nissan, M.G.; Ochoa, A.; Phillips, S.M.; Reznik, E.; Sanchez-Vega, F.; Sander, C.; Schultz, N.; Sheridan, R.; Sumer, S.O.; Sun, Y.; Taylor, B.S.; Wang, J.; Zhang, H.; Anur, P.; Peto, M.; Spellman, P.; Benz, C.; Stuart, J.M.; Wong, C.K.; Yau, C.; Hayes, D.N.; Parker, J.S.; Wilkerson, M.D.; Ally, A.; Balasundaram, M.; Bowlby, R.; Brooks, D.; Carlsen, R.; Chuah, E.; Dhalla, N.; Holt, R.; Jones, S.J.M.; Kasaian, K.; Lee, D.; Yussanne, M.; Marra, M.A.; Mayo, M.; Moore, R.A.; Mungall, A.J.; Mungall, K.; Robertson, A.G.; Sadeghi, S.; Schein, J.E.; Sipahimalani, P.; Tam, A.; Thiessen, N.; Tse, K.; Wong, T.; Berger, A.C.; Beroukhim, R.; Cherniack, A.D.; Cibulskis, C.; Gabriel, S.B.; Gao, G.F.; Gavin, H.; Meyerson, M.; Schumacher, S.E.; Shih, J.; Kucherlapati, M.H.; Kucherlapati, R.S.; Baylin, S.; Cope, L.; Danilova, L.; Bootwalla, M.S.; Lai, P.H.; Maglinte, D.T.; Van Den Berg, D.J.; Weisenberger, D.J.; Auman, J.T.; Balu, S.; Bodenheimer, T.; Fan, C.; Hoadley, K.A.; Hoyle, A.P.; Jefferys, S.R.; Jones, C.D.; Meng, S.; Mieczkowski, P.A.; Mose, L.E.; Perou, A.H.; Perou, C.M.; Roach, J.; Shi, Y.; Simons, J.V.; Skelly, T.; Soloway, M.G.; Tan, D.; Veluvolu, U.; Fan, H.; Hinoue, T.; Laird, P.W.; Shen, H.; Zhou, W.; Bellair, M.; Chang, K.; Covington, K.; Creighton, C.J.; Dinh, H.; Doddapaneni, H.; Donehower, L.A.; Drummond, J.; Gibbs, R.A.; Glenn, R.; Hale, W.; Han, Y.; Jianhong, H.; Korchina, V.; Lee, S.; Lewis, L.; Wei, L.; Liu, X.; Morgan, M.; Morton, D.; Muzny, D.; Santibanez, J.; Sheth, M.; Shinbrot, E.; Wang, L.; Wang, M.; Wheeler, D.A.; Liu, X.; Zhao, F.; Hess, J.; Appelbaum, E.L.; Bailey, M.; Cordes, M.G.; Ding, L.; Fronick, C.C.; Fulton, L.A.; Fulton, R.S.; Kandoth, C.; Mardis, E.R.; Mclellan, M.D.; Miller, C.A.; Schmidt, H.K.; Wilson, R.K.; Crain, D.; Curley, E.; Gardner, J.; Lau, K.; Mallery, D.; Morris, S.; Paulauskis, J.; Penny, R.; Shelton, C.; Shelton, T.; Sherman, M.; Thompson, E.; Yena, P.; Bowen, J.; Gastier-Foster, J.M.; Gerken, M.; Leraas, K.M.; Lichtenberg, T.M.; Ramirez, N.C.; Wise, L.; Zmuda, E.; Corcoran, N.; Costello, T.; Hovens, C.; Carvalho, A.L.; de Carvalho, A.C.; Fregnani, J.H.; Longatto-Filho, A.; Reis, R.M.; Scapulatempo-Neto, C.; Silveira, H.C.S.; Vidal, D.O.; Burnette, A.; Eschbacher, J.; Hermes, B.; Noss, A.; Singh, R.; Anderson, M.L.; Castro, P.D.; Ittmann, M.; Huntsman, D.; Kohl, B.; Xuan, L.; Thorp, R.; Andry, C.; Duffy, E.R.; Lyadov, V.; Paklina, O.; Setdikova, G.; Shabunin, A.; Tavobilov, M.; Mcpherson, C.; Warnick, R.; Berkowitz, R.; Cramer, D.; Feltmate, C.; Horowitz, N.; Kibel, A.; Muto, M.; Raut, C.P.; Malykh, A.; Barnholtz-Sloan, J.S.; Barrett, W.; Devine, K.; Fulop, J.; Ostrom, Q.T.; Shimmel, K.; Wolinsky, Y.; Sloan, A.E.; De Rose, A.; Giuliante, F.; Goodman, M.; Karlan, B.Y.; Hagedorn, C.H.; Eckman, J.; Harr, J.; Myers, J.; Tucker, K.; Zach, L.A.; Deyarmin, B.; Hai, H.; Kvecher, L.; Larson, C.; Mural, R.J.; Somiari, S.; Vicha, A.; Zelinka, T.; Bennett, J.; Iacocca, M.; Rabeno, B.; Swanson, P.; Latour, M.; Lacombe, L.; Têtu, B.; Bergeron, A.; Mcgraw, M.; Staugaitis, S.M.; Chabot, J.; Hibshoosh, H.; Sepulveda, A.; Tao, S.; Wang, T.; Potapova, O.; Voronina, O.; Desjardins, L.; Mariani, O.; Roman-Roman, S.; Sastre, X.; Stern, M.; Cheng, F.; Signoretti, S.; Berchuck, A.; Bigner, D.; Lipp, E.; Marks, J.; Mccall, S.; Mclendon, R.; Secord, A.; Sharp, A.; Behera, M.; Brat, D.J.; Chen, A.; Delman, K.; Force, S.; Khuri, F.; Magliocca, K.; Maithel, S.; Olson, J.J.; Owonikoko, T.; Pickens, A.; Ramalingam, S.; Shin, D.M.; Sica, G.; Van Meir, E.G.; Zhang, H.; Eijckenboom, W.; Gillis, A.; Korpershoek, E.; Looijenga, L.; Oosterhuis, W.; Stoop, H.; van Kessel, K.E.; Zwarthoff, E.C.; Calatozzolo, C.; Cuppini, L.; Cuzzubbo, S.; Dimeco, F.; Finocchiaro, G.; Mattei, L.; Perin, A.; Pollo, B.; Chen, C.; Houck, J.; Lohavanichbutr, P.; Hartmann, A.; Stoehr, C.; Stoehr, R.; Taubert, H.; Wach, S.; Wullich, B.; Kycler, W.; Murawa, D.; Wiznerowicz, M.; Chung, K.; Edenfield, W.J.; Martin, J.; Baudin, E.; Bubley, G.; Bueno, R.; De Rienzo, A.; Richards, W.G.; Kalkanis, S.; Mikkelsen, T.; Noushmehr, H.; Scarpace, L.; Girard, N.; Aymerich, M.; Campo, E.; Giné, E.; Guillermo, A.L.; Van Bang, N.; Hanh, P.T.; Phu, B.D.; Tang, Y.; Colman, H.; Evason, K.; Dottino, P.R.; Martignetti, J.A.; Gabra, H.; Juhl, H.; Akeredolu, T.; Stepa, S.; Hoon, D.; Ahn, K.; Kang, K.J.; Beuschlein, F.; Breggia, A.; Birrer, M.; Bell, D.; Borad, M.; Bryce, A.H.; Castle, E.; Chandan, V.; Cheville, J.; Copland, J.A.; Farnell, M.; Flotte, T.; Giama, N.; Thai, H.; Kendrick, M.; Kocher, J.; Kopp, K.; Moser, C.; Nagorney, D.; O’Brien, D.; O’Neill, B.P.; Patel, T.; Petersen, G.; Que, F.; Rivera, M.; Roberts, L.; Smallridge, R.; Smyrk, T.; Stanton, M.; Thompson, R.H.; Torbenson, M.; Yang, J.D.; Zhang, L.; Brimo, F.; Ajani, J.A.; Gonzalez, A.M.A.; Behrens, C.; Bondaruk, J.; Broaddus, R.; Czerniak, B.; Esmaeli, B.; Fujimoto, J.; Gershenwald, J.; Guo, C.; Lazar, A.J.; Logothetis, C.; Meric-Bernstam, F.; Moran, C.; Ramondetta, L.; Rice, D.; Sood, A.; Tamboli, P.; Thompson, T.; Troncoso, P.; Tsao, A.; Wistuba, I.; Carter, C.; Haydu, L.; Hersey, P.; Jakrot, V.; Kakavand, H.; Kefford, R.; Lee, K.; Long, G.; Mann, G.; Quinn, M.; Saw, R.; Scolyer, R.; Shannon, K.; Spillane, A.; Stretch, J.; Synott, M.; Thompson, J.; Wilmott, J.; Al-Ahmadie, H.; Chan, T.A.; Ghossein, R.; Gopalan, A.; Levine, D.A.; Reuter, V.; Singer, S.; Singh, B.; Tien, N.V.; Broudy, T.; Mirsaidi, C.; Nair, P.; Drwiega, P.; Miller, J.; Smith, J.; Zaren, H.; Park, J.; Hung, N.P.; Kebebew, E.; Linehan, W.M.; Metwalli, A.R.; Pacak, K.; Pinto, P.A.; Schiffman, M.; Schmidt, L.S.; Vocke, C.D.; Wentzensen, N.; Worrell, R.; Yang, H.; Moncrieff, M.; Goparaju, C.; Melamed, J.; Pass, H.; Botnariuc, N.; Caraman, I.; Cernat, M.; Chemencedji, I.; Clipca, A.; Doruc, S.; Gorincioi, G.; Mura, S.; Pirtac, M.; Stancul, I.; Tcaciuc, D.; Albert, M.; Alexopoulou, I.; Arnaout, A.; Bartlett, J.; Engel, J.; Gilbert, S.; Parfitt, J.; Sekhon, H.; Thomas, G.; Rassl, D.M.; Rintoul, R.C.; Bifulco, C.; Tamakawa, R.; Urba, W.; Hayward, N.; Timmers, H.; Antenucci, A.; Facciolo, F.; Grazi, G.; Marino, M.; Merola, R.; de Krijger, R.; Gimenez-Roqueplo, A.; Piché, A.; Chevalier, S.; Mckercher, G.; Birsoy, K.; Barnett, G.; Brewer, C.; Farver, C.; Naska, T.; Pennell, N.A.; Raymond, D.; Schilero, C.; Smolenski, K.; Williams, F.; Morrison, C.; Borgia, J.A.; Liptay, M.J.; Pool, M.; Seder, C.W.; Junker, K.; Omberg, L.; Dinkin, M.; Manikhas, G.; Alvaro, D.; Bragazzi, M.C.; Cardinale, V.; Carpino, G.; Gaudio, E.; Chesla, D.; Cottingham, S.; Dubina, M.; Moiseenko, F.; Dhanasekaran, R.; Becker, K.; Janssen, K.; Slotta-Huspenina, J.; Abdel-Rahman, M.H.; Aziz, D.; Bell, S.; Cebulla, C.M.; Davis, A.; Duell, R.; Elder, J.B.; Hilty, J.; Kumar, B.; Lang, J.; Lehman, N.L.; Mandt, R.; Nguyen, P.; Pilarski, R.; Rai, K.; Schoenfield, L.; Senecal, K.; Wakely, P.; Hansen, P.; Lechan, R.; Powers, J.; Tischler, A.; Grizzle, W.E.; Sexton, K.C.; Kastl, A.; Henderson, J.; Porten, S.; Waldmann, J.; Fassnacht, M.; Asa, S.L.; Schadendorf, D.; Couce, M.; Graefen, M.; Huland, H.; Sauter, G.; Schlomm, T.; Simon, R.; Tennstedt, P.; Olabode, O.; Nelson, M.; Bathe, O.; Carroll, P.R.; Chan, J.M.; Disaia, P.; Glenn, P.; Kelley, R.K.; Landen, C.N.; Phillips, J.; Prados, M.; Simko, J.; Smith-McCune, K.; Vandenberg, S.; Roggin, K.; Fehrenbach, A.; Kendler, A.; Sifri, S.; Steele, R.; Jimeno, A.; Carey, F.; Forgie, I.; Mannelli, M.; Carney, M.; Hernandez, B.; Campos, B.; Herold-Mende, C.; Jungk, C.; Unterberg, A.; von Deimling, A.; Bossler, A.; Galbraith, J.; Jacobus, L.; Knudson, M.; Knutson, T.; Deqin, M.; Milhem, M.; Sigmund, R.; Godwin, A.K.; Madan, R.; Rosenthal, H.G.; Adebamowo, C.; Adebamowo, S.N.; Boussioutas, A.; Beer, D.; Giordano, T.; Mes-Masson, A.; Saad, F.; Bocklage, T.; Landrum, L.; Mannel, R.; Moore, K.; Moxley, K.; Postier, R.; Walker, J.; Zuna, R.; Feldman, M.; Valdivieso, F.; Dhir, R.; Luketich, J.; Pinero, E.M.M.; Quintero-Aguilo, M.; Carlotti, C.G.; Dos Santos, J.S.; Kemp, R.; Sankarankuty, A.; Tirapelli, D.; Catto, J.; Agnew, K.; Swisher, E.; Creaney, J.; Robinson, B.; Shelley, C.S.; Godwin, E.M.; Kendall, S.; Shipman, C.; Bradford, C.; Carey, T.; Haddad, A.; Moyer, J.; Peterson, L.; Prince, M.; Rozek, L.; Wolf, G.; Bowman, R.; Fong, K.M.; Yang, I.; Korst, R.; Rathmell, W.K.; Fantacone-Campbell, J.L.; Hooke, J.A.; Kovatich, A.J.; Shriver, C.D.; Dipersio, J.; Drake, B.; Govindan, R.; Heath, S.; Ley, T.; Van Tine, B.; Westervelt, P.; Rubin, M.A.; Lee, J.I.; Aredes, N.D.; Mariamidze, A.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.027

The role of enhancers, a key class of non-coding regulatory DNA elements, in cancer development has increasingly been appreciated. Here, we present the detection and characterization of a large number of expressed enhancers in a genome-wide analysis of 8928 tumor samples across 33 cancer types using TCGA RNA-seq data. Compared with matched normal tissues, global enhancer activation was observed in most cancers. Across cancer types, global enhancer activity was positively associated with aneuploidy, but not mutation load, suggesting a hypothesis centered on “chromatin-state” to explain their interplay. Integrating eQTL, mRNA co-expression, and Hi-C data analysis, we developed a computational method to infer causal enhancer-gene interactions, revealing enhancers of clinically actionable genes. Having identified an enhancer ∼140 kb downstream of PD-L1, a major immunotherapy target, we validated it experimentally. This study provides a systematic view of enhancer activity in diverse tumor contexts and suggests the clinical implications of enhancers. Causal enhancer-target-gene relationships are inferred from a systematic analysis of 33 cancer types.

A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Enhancer Expression in Nearly 9000 Patient Samples / H. Chen, L. Chunyan, X. Peng, Z. Zhou, J.N. Weinstein, H. Liang, S.J. Caesar-Johnson, J.A. Demchok, I. Felau, M. Kasapi, M.L. Ferguson, C.M. Hutter, H.J. Sofia, R. Tarnuzzer, Z. Wang, L. Yang, J.C. Zenklusen, J.(. Zhang, S. Chudamani, J. Liu, L. Lolla, R. Naresh, T. Pihl, Q. Sun, Y. Wan, W. Ye, J. Cho, T. Defreitas, S. Frazer, N. Gehlenborg, G. Getz, D.I. Heiman, J. Kim, M.S. Lawrence, P. Lin, S. Meier, M.S. Noble, G. Saksena, D. Voet, H. Zhang, B. Bernard, N. Chambwe, V. Dhankani, T. Knijnenburg, R. Kramer, K. Leinonen, Y. Liu, M. Miller, S. Reynolds, I. Shmulevich, V. Thorsson, W. Zhang, R. Akbani, B.M. Broom, A.M. Hegde, J. Zhenlin, R.S. Kanchi, A. Korkut, L. Jun, H. Liang, S. Ling, W. Liu, L. Yiling, G.B. Mills, N. Kwok-Shing, A. Rao, M. Ryan, J. Wang, J.N. Weinstein, J. Zhang, A. Abeshouse, J. Armenia, D. Chakravarty, W.K. Chatila, I. de Bruijn, J. Gao, B.E. Gross, Z.J. Heins, R. Kundra, L. Konnor, M. Ladanyi, A. Luna, M.G. Nissan, A. Ochoa, S.M. Phillips, E. Reznik, F. Sanchez-Vega, C. Sander, N. Schultz, R. Sheridan, S.O. Sumer, Y. Sun, B.S. Taylor, J. Wang, H. Zhang, P. Anur, M. Peto, P. Spellman, C. Benz, J.M. Stuart, C.K. Wong, C. Yau, D.N. Hayes, J.S. Parker, M.D. Wilkerson, A. Ally, M. Balasundaram, R. Bowlby, D. Brooks, R. Carlsen, E. Chuah, N. Dhalla, R. Holt, S.J.M. Jones, K. Kasaian, D. Lee, M. Yussanne, M.A. Marra, M. Mayo, R.A. Moore, A.J. Mungall, K. Mungall, A.G. Robertson, S. Sadeghi, J.E. Schein, P. Sipahimalani, A. Tam, N. Thiessen, K. Tse, T. Wong, A.C. Berger, R. Beroukhim, A.D. Cherniack, C. Cibulskis, S.B. Gabriel, G.F. Gao, H. Gavin, M. Meyerson, S.E. Schumacher, J. Shih, M.H. Kucherlapati, R.S. Kucherlapati, S. Baylin, L. Cope, L. Danilova, M.S. Bootwalla, P.H. Lai, D.T. Maglinte, D.J. Van Den Berg, D.J. Weisenberger, J.T. Auman, S. Balu, T. Bodenheimer, C. Fan, K.A. Hoadley, A.P. Hoyle, S.R. Jefferys, C.D. Jones, S. Meng, P.A. Mieczkowski, L.E. Mose, A.H. Perou, C.M. Perou, J. Roach, Y. Shi, J.V. Simons, T. Skelly, M.G. Soloway, D. Tan, U. Veluvolu, H. Fan, T. Hinoue, P.W. Laird, H. Shen, W. Zhou, M. Bellair, K. Chang, K. Covington, C.J. Creighton, H. Dinh, H. Doddapaneni, L.A. Donehower, J. Drummond, R.A. Gibbs, R. Glenn, W. Hale, Y. Han, H. Jianhong, V. Korchina, S. Lee, L. Lewis, L. Wei, X. Liu, M. Morgan, D. Morton, D. Muzny, J. Santibanez, M. Sheth, E. Shinbrot, L. Wang, M. Wang, D.A. Wheeler, X. Liu, F. Zhao, J. Hess, E.L. Appelbaum, M. Bailey, M.G. Cordes, L. Ding, C.C. Fronick, L.A. Fulton, R.S. Fulton, C. Kandoth, E.R. Mardis, M.D. Mclellan, C.A. Miller, H.K. Schmidt, R.K. Wilson, D. Crain, E. Curley, J. Gardner, K. Lau, D. Mallery, S. Morris, J. Paulauskis, R. Penny, C. Shelton, T. Shelton, M. Sherman, E. Thompson, P. Yena, J. Bowen, J.M. Gastier-Foster, M. Gerken, K.M. Leraas, T.M. Lichtenberg, N.C. Ramirez, L. Wise, E. Zmuda, N. Corcoran, T. Costello, C. Hovens, A.L. Carvalho, A.C. de Carvalho, J.H. Fregnani, A. Longatto-Filho, R.M. Reis, C. Scapulatempo-Neto, H.C.S. Silveira, D.O. Vidal, A. Burnette, J. Eschbacher, B. Hermes, A. Noss, R. Singh, M.L. Anderson, P.D. Castro, M. Ittmann, D. Huntsman, B. Kohl, L. Xuan, R. Thorp, C. Andry, E.R. Duffy, V. Lyadov, O. Paklina, G. Setdikova, A. Shabunin, M. Tavobilov, C. Mcpherson, R. Warnick, R. Berkowitz, D. Cramer, C. Feltmate, N. Horowitz, A. Kibel, M. Muto, C.P. Raut, A. Malykh, J.S. Barnholtz-Sloan, W. Barrett, K. Devine, J. Fulop, Q.T. Ostrom, K. Shimmel, Y. Wolinsky, A.E. Sloan, A. De Rose, F. Giuliante, M. Goodman, B.Y. Karlan, C.H. Hagedorn, J. Eckman, J. Harr, J. Myers, K. Tucker, L.A. Zach, B. Deyarmin, H. Hai, L. Kvecher, C. Larson, R.J. Mural, S. Somiari, A. Vicha, T. Zelinka, J. Bennett, M. Iacocca, B. Rabeno, P. Swanson, M. Latour, L. Lacombe, B. Têtu, A. Bergeron, M. Mcgraw, S.M. Staugaitis, J. Chabot, H. Hibshoosh, A. Sepulveda, S. Tao, T. Wang, O. Potapova, O. Voronina, L. Desjardins, O. Mariani, S. Roman-Roman, X. Sastre, M. Stern, F. Cheng, S. Signoretti, A. Berchuck, D. Bigner, E. Lipp, J. Marks, S. Mccall, R. Mclendon, A. Secord, A. Sharp, M. Behera, D.J. Brat, A. Chen, K. Delman, S. Force, F. Khuri, K. Magliocca, S. Maithel, J.J. Olson, T. Owonikoko, A. Pickens, S. Ramalingam, D.M. Shin, G. Sica, E.G. Van Meir, H. Zhang, W. Eijckenboom, A. Gillis, E. Korpershoek, L. Looijenga, W. Oosterhuis, H. Stoop, K.E. van Kessel, E.C. Zwarthoff, C. Calatozzolo, L. Cuppini, S. Cuzzubbo, F. Dimeco, G. Finocchiaro, L. Mattei, A. Perin, B. Pollo, C. Chen, J. Houck, P. Lohavanichbutr, A. Hartmann, C. Stoehr, R. Stoehr, H. Taubert, S. Wach, B. Wullich, W. Kycler, D. Murawa, M. Wiznerowicz, K. Chung, W.J. Edenfield, J. Martin, E. Baudin, G. Bubley, R. Bueno, A. De Rienzo, W.G. Richards, S. Kalkanis, T. Mikkelsen, H. Noushmehr, L. Scarpace, N. Girard, M. Aymerich, E. Campo, E. Giné, A.L. Guillermo, N. Van Bang, P.T. Hanh, B.D. Phu, Y. Tang, H. Colman, K. Evason, P.R. Dottino, J.A. Martignetti, H. Gabra, H. Juhl, T. Akeredolu, S. Stepa, D. Hoon, K. Ahn, K.J. Kang, F. Beuschlein, A. Breggia, M. Birrer, D. Bell, M. Borad, A.H. Bryce, E. Castle, V. Chandan, J. Cheville, J.A. Copland, M. Farnell, T. Flotte, N. Giama, H. Thai, M. Kendrick, J. Kocher, K. Kopp, C. Moser, D. Nagorney, D. O’Brien, B.P. O’Neill, T. Patel, G. Petersen, F. Que, M. Rivera, L. Roberts, R. Smallridge, T. Smyrk, M. Stanton, R.H. Thompson, M. Torbenson, J.D. Yang, L. Zhang, F. Brimo, J.A. Ajani, A.M.A. Gonzalez, C. Behrens, J. Bondaruk, R. Broaddus, B. Czerniak, B. Esmaeli, J. Fujimoto, J. Gershenwald, C. Guo, A.J. Lazar, C. Logothetis, F. Meric-Bernstam, C. Moran, L. Ramondetta, D. Rice, A. Sood, P. Tamboli, T. Thompson, P. Troncoso, A. Tsao, I. Wistuba, C. Carter, L. Haydu, P. Hersey, V. Jakrot, H. Kakavand, R. Kefford, K. Lee, G. Long, G. Mann, M. Quinn, R. Saw, R. Scolyer, K. Shannon, A. Spillane, J. Stretch, M. Synott, J. Thompson, J. Wilmott, H. Al-Ahmadie, T.A. Chan, R. Ghossein, A. Gopalan, D.A. Levine, V. Reuter, S. Singer, B. Singh, N.V. Tien, T. Broudy, C. Mirsaidi, P. Nair, P. Drwiega, J. Miller, J. Smith, H. Zaren, J. Park, N.P. Hung, E. Kebebew, W.M. Linehan, A.R. Metwalli, K. Pacak, P.A. Pinto, M. Schiffman, L.S. Schmidt, C.D. Vocke, N. Wentzensen, R. Worrell, H. Yang, M. Moncrieff, C. Goparaju, J. Melamed, H. Pass, N. Botnariuc, I. Caraman, M. Cernat, I. Chemencedji, A. Clipca, S. Doruc, G. Gorincioi, S. Mura, M. Pirtac, I. Stancul, D. Tcaciuc, M. Albert, I. Alexopoulou, A. Arnaout, J. Bartlett, J. Engel, S. Gilbert, J. Parfitt, H. Sekhon, G. Thomas, D.M. Rassl, R.C. Rintoul, C. Bifulco, R. Tamakawa, W. Urba, N. Hayward, H. Timmers, A. Antenucci, F. Facciolo, G. Grazi, M. Marino, R. Merola, R. de Krijger, A. Gimenez-Roqueplo, A. Piché, S. Chevalier, G. Mckercher, K. Birsoy, G. Barnett, C. Brewer, C. Farver, T. Naska, N.A. Pennell, D. Raymond, C. Schilero, K. Smolenski, F. Williams, C. Morrison, J.A. Borgia, M.J. Liptay, M. Pool, C.W. Seder, K. Junker, L. Omberg, M. Dinkin, G. Manikhas, D. 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A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Enhancer Expression in Nearly 9000 Patient Samples

Chen, Han;Li, Chunyan;Peng, Xinxin;Zhou, Zhicheng;Weinstein, John N.;Liang, Han;Caesar-Johnson, Samantha J.;Demchok, John A.;Felau, Ina;Kasapi, Melpomeni;Ferguson, Martin L.;Hutter, Carolyn M.;Sofia, Heidi J.;Tarnuzzer, Roy;Wang, Zhining;Yang, Liming;Zenklusen, Jean C.;Zhang, Jiashan (Julia);Chudamani, Sudha;Liu, Jia;Lolla, Laxmi;Naresh, Rashi;Pihl, Todd;Sun, Qiang;Wan, Yunhu;Wu, Ye;Cho, Juok;DeFreitas, Timothy;Frazer, Scott;Gehlenborg, Nils;Getz, Gad;Heiman, David I.;Kim, Jaegil;Lawrence, Michael S.;Lin, Pei;Meier, Sam;Noble, Michael S.;Saksena, Gordon;Voet, Doug;Zhang, Hailei;Bernard, Brady;Chambwe, Nyasha;Dhankani, Varsha;Knijnenburg, Theo;Kramer, Roger;Leinonen, Kalle;Liu, Yuexin;Miller, Michael;Reynolds, Sheila;Shmulevich, Ilya;Thorsson, Vesteinn;Zhang, Wei;Akbani, Rehan;Broom, Bradley M.;Hegde, Apurva M.;Ju, Zhenlin;Kanchi, Rupa S.;Korkut, Anil;Li, Jun;Liang, Han;Ling, Shiyun;Liu, Wenbin;Lu, Yiling;Mills, Gordon B.;Ng, Kwok-Shing;Rao, Arvind;Ryan, Michael;Wang, Jing;Weinstein, John N.;Zhang, Jiexin;Abeshouse, Adam;Armenia, Joshua;Chakravarty, Debyani;Chatila, Walid K.;de Bruijn, Ino;Gao, Jianjiong;Gross, Benjamin E.;Heins, Zachary J.;Kundra, Ritika;La, Konnor;Ladanyi, Marc;Luna, Augustin;Nissan, Moriah G.;Ochoa, Angelica;Phillips, Sarah M.;Reznik, Ed;Sanchez-Vega, Francisco;Sander, Chris;Schultz, Nikolaus;Sheridan, Robert;Sumer, S. Onur;Sun, Yichao;Taylor, Barry S.;Wang, Jioajiao;Zhang, Hongxin;Anur, Pavana;Peto, Myron;Spellman, Paul;Benz, Christopher;Stuart, Joshua M.;Wong, Christopher K.;Yau, Christina;Hayes, D. Neil;Parker, Joel S.;Wilkerson, Matthew D.;Ally, Adrian;Balasundaram, Miruna;Bowlby, Reanne;Brooks, Denise;Carlsen, Rebecca;Chuah, Eric;Dhalla, Noreen;Holt, Robert;Jones, Steven J. M.;Kasaian, Katayoon;Lee, Darlene;Ma, Yussanne;Marra, Marco A.;Mayo, Michael;Moore, Richard A.;Mungall, Andrew J.;Mungall, Karen;Robertson, A. Gordon;Sadeghi, Sara;Schein, Jacqueline E.;Sipahimalani, Payal;Tam, Angela;Thiessen, Nina;Tse, Kane;Wong, Tina;Berger, Ashton C.;Beroukhim, Rameen;Cherniack, Andrew D.;Cibulskis, Carrie;Gabriel, Stacey B.;Gao, Galen F.;Ha, Gavin;Meyerson, Matthew;Schumacher, Steven E.;Shih, Juliann;Kucherlapati, Melanie H.;Kucherlapati, Raju S.;Baylin, Stephen;Cope, Leslie;Danilova, Ludmila;Bootwalla, Moiz S.;Lai, Phillip H.;Maglinte, Dennis T.;Van Den Berg, David J.;Weisenberger, Daniel J.;Auman, J. Todd;Balu, Saianand;Bodenheimer, Tom;Fan, Cheng;Hoadley, Katherine A.;Hoyle, Alan P.;Jefferys, Stuart R.;Jones, Corbin D.;Meng, Shaowu;Mieczkowski, Piotr A.;Mose, Lisle E.;Perou, Amy H.;Perou, Charles M.;Roach, Jeffrey;Shi, Yan;Simons, Janae V.;Skelly, Tara;Soloway, Matthew G.;Tan, Donghui;Veluvolu, Umadevi;Fan, Huihui;Hinoue, Toshinori;Laird, Peter W.;Shen, Hui;Zhou, Wanding;Bellair, Michelle;Chang, Kyle;Covington, Kyle;Creighton, Chad J.;Dinh, Huyen;Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan;Donehower, Lawrence A.;Drummond, Jennifer;Gibbs, Richard A.;Glenn, Robert;Hale, Walker;Han, Yi;Hu, Jianhong;Korchina, Viktoriya;Lee, Sandra;Lewis, Lora;Li, Wei;Liu, Xiuping;Morgan, Margaret;Morton, Donna;Muzny, Donna;Santibanez, Jireh;Sheth, Margi;Shinbrot, Eve;Wang, Linghua;Wang, Min;Wheeler, David A.;Xi, Liu;Zhao, Fengmei;Hess, Julian;Appelbaum, Elizabeth L.;Bailey, Matthew;Cordes, Matthew G.;Ding, Li;Fronick, Catrina C.;Fulton, Lucinda A.;Fulton, Robert S.;Kandoth, Cyriac;Mardis, Elaine R.;McLellan, Michael D.;Miller, Christopher A.;Schmidt, Heather K.;Wilson, Richard K.;Crain, Daniel;Curley, Erin;Gardner, Johanna;Lau, Kevin;Mallery, David;Morris, Scott;Paulauskis, Joseph;Penny, Robert;Shelton, Candace;Shelton, Troy;Sherman, Mark;Thompson, Eric;Yena, Peggy;Bowen, Jay;Gastier-Foster, Julie M.;Gerken, Mark;Leraas, Kristen M.;Lichtenberg, Tara M.;Ramirez, Nilsa C.;Wise, Lisa;Zmuda, Erik;Corcoran, Niall;Costello, Tony;Hovens, Christopher;Carvalho, Andre L.;de Carvalho, Ana C.;Fregnani, José H.;Longatto-Filho, Adhemar;Reis, Rui M.;Scapulatempo-Neto, Cristovam;Silveira, Henrique C. 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Houston;Torbenson, Michael;Yang, Ju Dong;Zhang, Lizhi;Brimo, Fadi;Ajani, Jaffer A.;Gonzalez, Ana Maria Angulo;Behrens, Carmen;Bondaruk, Jolanta;Broaddus, Russell;Czerniak, Bogdan;Esmaeli, Bita;Fujimoto, Junya;Gershenwald, Jeffrey;Guo, Charles;Lazar, Alexander J.;Logothetis, Christopher;Meric-Bernstam, Funda;Moran, Cesar;Ramondetta, Lois;Rice, David;Sood, Anil;Tamboli, Pheroze;Thompson, Timothy;Troncoso, Patricia;Tsao, Anne;Wistuba, Ignacio;Carter, Candace;Haydu, Lauren;Hersey, Peter;Jakrot, Valerie;Kakavand, Hojabr;Kefford, Richard;Lee, Kenneth;Long, Georgina;Mann, Graham;Quinn, Michael;Saw, Robyn;Scolyer, Richard;Shannon, Kerwin;Spillane, Andrew;Stretch, Jonathan;Synott, Maria;Thompson, John;Wilmott, James;Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat;Chan, Timothy A.;Ghossein, Ronald;Gopalan, Anuradha;Levine, Douglas A.;Reuter, Victor;Singer, Samuel;Singh, Bhuvanesh;Tien, Nguyen Viet;Broudy, Thomas;Mirsaidi, Cyrus;Nair, Praveen;Drwiega, Paul;Miller, Judy;Smith, Jennifer;Zaren, Howard;Park, Joong-Won;Hung, Nguyen Phi;Kebebew, Electron;Linehan, W. Marston;Metwalli, Adam R.;Pacak, Karel;Pinto, Peter A.;Schiffman, Mark;Schmidt, Laura S.;Vocke, Cathy D.;Wentzensen, Nicolas;Worrell, Robert;Yang, Hannah;Moncrieff, Marc;Goparaju, Chandra;Melamed, Jonathan;Pass, Harvey;Botnariuc, Natalia;Caraman, Irina;Cernat, Mircea;Chemencedji, Inga;Clipca, Adrian;Doruc, Serghei;Gorincioi, Ghenadie;Mura, Sergiu;Pirtac, Maria;Stancul, Irina;Tcaciuc, Diana;Albert, Monique;Alexopoulou, Iakovina;Arnaout, Angel;Bartlett, John;Engel, Jay;Gilbert, Sebastien;Parfitt, Jeremy;Sekhon, Harman;Thomas, George;Rassl, Doris M.;Rintoul, Robert C.;Bifulco, Carlo;Tamakawa, Raina;Urba, Walter;Hayward, Nicholas;Timmers, Henri;Antenucci, Anna;Facciolo, Francesco;Grazi, Gianluca;Marino, Mirella;Merola, Roberta;de Krijger, Ronald;Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule;Piché, Alain;Chevalier, Simone;McKercher, Ginette;Birsoy, Kivanc;Barnett, Gene;Brewer, Cathy;Farver, Carol;Naska, Theresa;Pennell, Nathan A.;Raymond, Daniel;Schilero, Cathy;Smolenski, Kathy;Williams, Felicia;Morrison, Carl;Borgia, Jeffrey A.;Liptay, Michael J.;Pool, Mark;Seder, Christopher W.;Junker, Kerstin;Omberg, Larsson;Dinkin, Mikhail;Manikhas, George;Alvaro, Domenico;Bragazzi, Maria Consiglia;Cardinale, Vincenzo;Carpino, Guido;Gaudio, Eugenio;Chesla, David;Cottingham, Sandra;Dubina, Michael;Moiseenko, Fedor;Dhanasekaran, Renumathy;Becker, Karl-Friedrich;Janssen, Klaus-Peter;Slotta-Huspenina, Julia;Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed H.;Aziz, Dina;Bell, Sue;Cebulla, Colleen M.;Davis, Amy;Duell, Rebecca;Elder, J. Bradley;Hilty, Joe;Kumar, Bahavna;Lang, James;Lehman, Norman L.;Mandt, Randy;Nguyen, Phuong;Pilarski, Robert;Rai, Karan;Schoenfield, Lynn;Senecal, Kelly;Wakely, Paul;Hansen, Paul;Lechan, Ronald;Powers, James;Tischler, Arthur;Grizzle, William E.;Sexton, Katherine C.;Kastl, Alison;Henderson, Joel;Porten, Sima;Waldmann, Jens;Fassnacht, Martin;Asa, Sylvia L.;Schadendorf, Dirk;Couce, Marta;Graefen, Markus;Huland, Hartwig;Sauter, Guido;Schlomm, Thorsten;Simon, Ronald;Tennstedt, Pierre;Olabode, Oluwole;Nelson, Mark;Bathe, Oliver;Carroll, Peter R.;Chan, June M.;Disaia, Philip;Glenn, Pat;Kelley, Robin K.;Landen, Charles N.;Phillips, Joanna;Prados, Michael;Simko, Jeffry;Smith-McCune, Karen;VandenBerg, Scott;Roggin, Kevin;Fehrenbach, Ashley;Kendler, Ady;Sifri, Suzanne;Steele, Ruth;Jimeno, Antonio;Carey, Francis;Forgie, Ian;Mannelli, Massimo;Carney, Michael;Hernandez, Brenda;Campos, Benito;Herold-Mende, Christel;Jungk, Christin;Unterberg, Andreas;von Deimling, Andreas;Bossler, Aaron;Galbraith, Joseph;Jacobus, Laura;Knudson, Michael;Knutson, Tina;Ma, Deqin;Milhem, Mohammed;Sigmund, Rita;Godwin, Andrew K.;Madan, Rashna;Rosenthal, Howard G.;Adebamowo, Clement;Adebamowo, Sally N.;Boussioutas, Alex;Beer, David;Giordano, Thomas;Mes-Masson, Anne-Marie;Saad, Fred;Bocklage, Therese;Landrum, Lisa;Mannel, Robert;Moore, Kathleen;Moxley, Katherine;Postier, Russel;Walker, Joan;Zuna, Rosemary;Feldman, Michael;Valdivieso, Federico;Dhir, Rajiv;Luketich, James;Pinero, Edna M. Mora;Quintero-Aguilo, Mario;Carlotti, Carlos Gilberto;Dos Santos, Jose Sebastião;Kemp, Rafael;Sankarankuty, Ajith;Tirapelli, Daniela;Catto, James;Agnew, Kathy;Swisher, Elizabeth;Creaney, Jenette;Robinson, Bruce;Shelley, Carl Simon;Godwin, Eryn M.;Kendall, Sara;Shipman, Cassaundra;Bradford, Carol;Carey, Thomas;Haddad, Andrea;Moyer, Jeffey;Peterson, Lisa;Prince, Mark;Rozek, Laura;Wolf, Gregory;Bowman, Rayleen;Fong, Kwun M.;Yang, Ian;Korst, Robert;Rathmell, W. Kimryn;Fantacone-Campbell, J. Leigh;Hooke, Jeffrey A.;Kovatich, Albert J.;Shriver, Craig D.;DiPersio, John;Drake, Bettina;Govindan, Ramaswamy;Heath, Sharon;Ley, Timothy;Van Tine, Brian;Westervelt, Peter;Rubin, Mark A.;Lee, Jung Il;Aredes, Natália D.;Mariamidze, Armaz

2018

Abstract

The role of enhancers, a key class of non-coding regulatory DNA elements, in cancer development has increasingly been appreciated. Here, we present the detection and characterization of a large number of expressed enhancers in a genome-wide analysis of 8928 tumor samples across 33 cancer types using TCGA RNA-seq data. Compared with matched normal tissues, global enhancer activation was observed in most cancers. Across cancer types, global enhancer activity was positively associated with aneuploidy, but not mutation load, suggesting a hypothesis centered on “chromatin-state” to explain their interplay. Integrating eQTL, mRNA co-expression, and Hi-C data analysis, we developed a computational method to infer causal enhancer-gene interactions, revealing enhancers of clinically actionable genes. Having identified an enhancer ∼140 kb downstream of PD-L1, a major immunotherapy target, we validated it experimentally. This study provides a systematic view of enhancer activity in diverse tumor contexts and suggests the clinical implications of enhancers. Causal enhancer-target-gene relationships are inferred from a systematic analysis of 33 cancer types.

Scheda breve

Scheda completa

Scheda completa (DC)

	Parole chiave
	
			aneuploidy; chromatin state; enhancer expression; mutation burden; pan-cancer analysis; PD-L1 expression; prognostic markers; The Cancer Genome Atlas;
		
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo
	
			Settore MED/27 - Neurochirurgia
		
	Data di pubblicazione
	
			5-apr-2018
		
	Rivista in ANCE
	
			CELL
		
	DOI
	
			https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.027
		
	Tipologia
	
			Article (author)
		
	Appare nelle tipologie:
	
			01 - Articolo su periodico

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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/586904

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