This research article proposes a confrontation between two founding narratives of different ideas or «models» of community: on the one hand, the Gemeinschaft thought by Tönnies and reworked by Schmitt and, on the other, the Community to which the Latin American indigenous peoples refer. The article focuses on how the elements of cultural identity and belonging can be used to motivate policies and norms of an opposite sign, oriented both to exclusion and inclusion, to discrimination or to the emancipation of certain individuals or social groups. Two parallel paths that go from political language to normative production are reconstructed using a qualitative methodology: on the one hand, the individual that identifies the central element of the generative rhetoric of European closure policies in the conception of the «community-lineage» identity, and especially that which in Italy is known as «period of discriminatory ordinances»; on the other hand, the path that, starting from the narrative of the «original multiplicity of the diverse», has led the Latin American indigenous to the claim and recognition, international and state, of a new category of human rights, the collective rights of the indigenous peoples, and that has led some Latin American states to adopt policies for the difference and constitutional reforms of a pluralistic and intercultural type.

Más allá de Babel : Mitos de la comunidad y políticas de la identidad entre filosofía y acción política en Europa y en América Latina / R. Cammarata. - In: CULTURA LATINOAMERICANA. - ISSN 2346-0326. - 27:1(2018 Apr), pp. 164-182. [10.14718/CulturaLatinoam.2018.27.1.7]

Más allá de Babel : Mitos de la comunidad y políticas de la identidad entre filosofía y acción política en Europa y en América Latina

R. Cammarata
2018

Abstract

This research article proposes a confrontation between two founding narratives of different ideas or «models» of community: on the one hand, the Gemeinschaft thought by Tönnies and reworked by Schmitt and, on the other, the Community to which the Latin American indigenous peoples refer. The article focuses on how the elements of cultural identity and belonging can be used to motivate policies and norms of an opposite sign, oriented both to exclusion and inclusion, to discrimination or to the emancipation of certain individuals or social groups. Two parallel paths that go from political language to normative production are reconstructed using a qualitative methodology: on the one hand, the individual that identifies the central element of the generative rhetoric of European closure policies in the conception of the «community-lineage» identity, and especially that which in Italy is known as «period of discriminatory ordinances»; on the other hand, the path that, starting from the narrative of the «original multiplicity of the diverse», has led the Latin American indigenous to the claim and recognition, international and state, of a new category of human rights, the collective rights of the indigenous peoples, and that has led some Latin American states to adopt policies for the difference and constitutional reforms of a pluralistic and intercultural type.
El presente artículo de investigación propone una confrontación entre dos narraciones fundacionales de diferentes ideas o «modelos» de comunidad: por un lado, la gemeinschaft pensada por Tönnies y reelaborada por Schmitt y, por otro, la comunidad a la que se refieren los pueblos indígenas latinoamericanos. El artículo se concentra en cómo los elementos de la identidad cultural y de pertenencia pueden ser utilizados para motivar políticas y normas de signo contrario, orientadas tanto a la exclusión como a la inclusión, a la discriminación o a la emancipación de determinados individuos o grupos sociales. Se reconstruyen, mediante una metodología cualitativa, dos caminos paralelos que van del lenguaje político a la producción normativa: por un lado, el que individua en la concepción de la «comunidad-estirpe» el elemento central de la retórica generativa de las políticas europeas de cierre identitario, y especialmente de esa que en Italia se conoce como «período de las ordenanzas discriminatorias»; por otro lado, el camino que, partiendo del relato de la «multiplicidad originaria de los diversos», ha llevado a los indígenas latinoamericanos a la reivindicación y al reconocimiento, internacional y estatal, de una nueva categoría de derechos humanos, los derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas, y que ha llevado a algunos Estados latinoamericanos a adoptar políticas para la diferencia y reformas constitucionales de tipo pluralista e intercultural.
filosofía; mitos; identidad; Europa; América Latina
Settore SPS/01 - Filosofia Politica
Settore IUS/20 - Filosofia del Diritto
apr-2018
https://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/index.php/RevClat/article/view/2077/1776
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/567663
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