MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of endogenous, small, non-coding RNA molecules involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Dysregulation in miRNA-related pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with severe neuronal injury and cell death, which can lead to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a fatal adult onset disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. While the pathogenesis of ALS is still largely unknown, familial ALS forms linked to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene mutations, as well as sporadic forms, display changes in several steps of RNA metabolism, including miRNA processing. Here, we review the current knowledge about miRNA metabolism and biological functions and their crucial role in ALS pathogenesis with an in-depth analysis on different pathways. A more precise understanding of miRNA involvement in ALS could be useful not only to elucidate their role in the disease etiopathogenesis but also to investigate their potential as disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.

MicroRNA Metabolism and Dysregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / P. Rinchetti, M. Rizzuti, I. Faravelli, S. Corti. - In: MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY. - ISSN 0893-7648. - (2017), pp. 1-14. [10.1007/s12035-017-0537-z]

MicroRNA Metabolism and Dysregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

P. Rinchetti
Primo
;
M. Rizzuti
Secondo
;
I. Faravelli
Penultimo
;
S. Corti
2017

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of endogenous, small, non-coding RNA molecules involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Dysregulation in miRNA-related pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with severe neuronal injury and cell death, which can lead to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a fatal adult onset disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. While the pathogenesis of ALS is still largely unknown, familial ALS forms linked to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene mutations, as well as sporadic forms, display changes in several steps of RNA metabolism, including miRNA processing. Here, we review the current knowledge about miRNA metabolism and biological functions and their crucial role in ALS pathogenesis with an in-depth analysis on different pathways. A more precise understanding of miRNA involvement in ALS could be useful not only to elucidate their role in the disease etiopathogenesis but also to investigate their potential as disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
ALS; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Central nervous system; CNS; microRNA; miRNA; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Settore MED/26 - Neurologia
2017
http://www.springer.com/biomed/neuroscience/journal/12035
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/501423
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