Many invasive pests are arthropods that every year reach, colonize and spread into new areas from their native countries. Invasive species are the second largest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss as they compete with natives for food and spaces. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumuta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) -spotted wing drosophila (SWD)- a hazardous quarantine pest native to Eastern and southeastern Asia infested simultaneously during 2008, for the first time in the European continent, Italy and Spain. Huge monetary losses, due to direct damage costs, market loss, management techniques, and rejection of exports for altered processing practices were immediately associated to D. suzukii arrival in Italy. As oviposition of D. suzukii begins at ripening very close to harvest, finding the most promising natural enemy, alternative to chemicals, is an important tool in the control of this fruit fly. The aim of the present research was to deepen the knowledge on pest-parasitoid relationship in Lombardy inventoring the natural native enemies present in the area in association to the new pest. Six parasitoids have been found in association to drosophilids in Lombardy: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) and Spalangia erythromera Forster, 1850 (Hym.: Pteromalidae), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton and Kelner-Pillaut, 1979) and Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson, 1862) (Hym.: Figitidae), Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins, 1910) (Hym.: Diapriidae) and Asobara tabida Nees von Esenbeck, 1834 (Hym.: Braconidae). Among the six parasitoids found in field monitoring, the attention was focused on the pupal parasitoid T. drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). Laboratory tests were made and information on the performances of T. drosophilae in relation to host prey (D. suzukii vs D. melanogaster) and to D. suzukii was acquired. T. drosophilae revealed to be a good candidate for mass rearing and biological control methods. Information on the coexinstence of D. suzukii with other exotic drosophilids were also acquired. The presence in Lombardy of two other exotic drosophilids was ascertained: Chymomyza amoena (Loew, 1862) and Zaprionus tuberculatus (Malloch, 1932). This was the first report for Lombardy region as C. amoena was first detected in Italy in Veneto in 1999 (Bächli et al. 1999) and Z. tuberculatus was first detected in Trentino in 2013 (Raspi et al. 2014). In the present study, the population, seasonal activity, favorable habitat and hosts of these two exotic pests were also studied.

DEVELOPING FRAMEWORKS FOR IDENTIFYING THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF DROSOPHILA SUZUKII IN LOMBARDY, ITALY / N. Amiresmaeili ; supervisor: D. Lupi ; phd. dean: F. Bonomi. DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE PER GLI ALIMENTI, LA NUTRIZIONE E L'AMBIENTE, 2017 Apr 04. 29. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2016. [10.13130/amiresmaeili-nasim_phd2017-04-04].

DEVELOPING FRAMEWORKS FOR IDENTIFYING THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF DROSOPHILA SUZUKII IN LOMBARDY, ITALY

N. Amiresmaeili
2017

Abstract

Many invasive pests are arthropods that every year reach, colonize and spread into new areas from their native countries. Invasive species are the second largest threat to biodiversity after habitat loss as they compete with natives for food and spaces. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumuta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) -spotted wing drosophila (SWD)- a hazardous quarantine pest native to Eastern and southeastern Asia infested simultaneously during 2008, for the first time in the European continent, Italy and Spain. Huge monetary losses, due to direct damage costs, market loss, management techniques, and rejection of exports for altered processing practices were immediately associated to D. suzukii arrival in Italy. As oviposition of D. suzukii begins at ripening very close to harvest, finding the most promising natural enemy, alternative to chemicals, is an important tool in the control of this fruit fly. The aim of the present research was to deepen the knowledge on pest-parasitoid relationship in Lombardy inventoring the natural native enemies present in the area in association to the new pest. Six parasitoids have been found in association to drosophilids in Lombardy: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) and Spalangia erythromera Forster, 1850 (Hym.: Pteromalidae), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton and Kelner-Pillaut, 1979) and Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson, 1862) (Hym.: Figitidae), Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins, 1910) (Hym.: Diapriidae) and Asobara tabida Nees von Esenbeck, 1834 (Hym.: Braconidae). Among the six parasitoids found in field monitoring, the attention was focused on the pupal parasitoid T. drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). Laboratory tests were made and information on the performances of T. drosophilae in relation to host prey (D. suzukii vs D. melanogaster) and to D. suzukii was acquired. T. drosophilae revealed to be a good candidate for mass rearing and biological control methods. Information on the coexinstence of D. suzukii with other exotic drosophilids were also acquired. The presence in Lombardy of two other exotic drosophilids was ascertained: Chymomyza amoena (Loew, 1862) and Zaprionus tuberculatus (Malloch, 1932). This was the first report for Lombardy region as C. amoena was first detected in Italy in Veneto in 1999 (Bächli et al. 1999) and Z. tuberculatus was first detected in Trentino in 2013 (Raspi et al. 2014). In the present study, the population, seasonal activity, favorable habitat and hosts of these two exotic pests were also studied.
4-apr-2017
Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale e Applicata
LUPI, DANIELA
BONOMI, FRANCESCO
LUPI, DANIELA
Doctoral Thesis
DEVELOPING FRAMEWORKS FOR IDENTIFYING THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF DROSOPHILA SUZUKII IN LOMBARDY, ITALY / N. Amiresmaeili ; supervisor: D. Lupi ; phd. dean: F. Bonomi. DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE PER GLI ALIMENTI, LA NUTRIZIONE E L'AMBIENTE, 2017 Apr 04. 29. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2016. [10.13130/amiresmaeili-nasim_phd2017-04-04].
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
phd_unimi_R10783.pdf

Open Access dal 21/10/2018

Tipologia: Tesi di dottorato completa
Dimensione 2.71 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
2.71 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/490803
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact