An impairment of the microglial catabolic mechanisms allows amyloid- (A) accumulation in plaques within the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Monocytes/macrophages (M/M) are activated in AD and migrate thorough the blood-brain barrier (BBB) trying to improve A clearing. In the attempt to shed light on the role of M/M in AD, these cells were analyzed in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in age-matched healthy controls. Results obtained in A42-stimulated cell cultures showed that significantly higher percentages of inflammatoryM/M(CD14+ CD16−CCR2++CX3CR1low) expressing toll like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, as well as IL-6 and CCR2, a chemokine favoring M/M migration through the BBB, are seen in AD. Confocal microscopy suggested the presence of MHC-II/A42 complexes on AD M/M alone. Finally, TRL3- and TLR8- expressing and IL-23-producing M/M were increased in both AD and MCI compared to HC. These data indicate that M/M in AD are characterized by an inflammatory profile and are involved in the induction of both innate immune responses via TLR stimulation and of acquired immunity possibly secondarily to the presentation of A peptides in an MHC-restricted fashion. Therapeutic approaches designed to interrupt these mechanism might prove beneficial.
A Complex Proinflammatory Role for Peripheral Monocytes in Alzheimer's Disease / M. Saresella, I. Marventano, E. Calabrese, F. Piancone, V. Rainone, A. Gatti, M. Alberoni, R. Nemni, M. Clerici. - In: JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. - ISSN 1387-2877. - 38:2(2014), pp. 403-413. [10.3233/JAD-131160]
A Complex Proinflammatory Role for Peripheral Monocytes in Alzheimer's Disease
F. Piancone;V. Rainone;R. Nemni;M. ClericiUltimo
2014
Abstract
An impairment of the microglial catabolic mechanisms allows amyloid- (A) accumulation in plaques within the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Monocytes/macrophages (M/M) are activated in AD and migrate thorough the blood-brain barrier (BBB) trying to improve A clearing. In the attempt to shed light on the role of M/M in AD, these cells were analyzed in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in age-matched healthy controls. Results obtained in A42-stimulated cell cultures showed that significantly higher percentages of inflammatoryM/M(CD14+ CD16−CCR2++CX3CR1low) expressing toll like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4, as well as IL-6 and CCR2, a chemokine favoring M/M migration through the BBB, are seen in AD. Confocal microscopy suggested the presence of MHC-II/A42 complexes on AD M/M alone. Finally, TRL3- and TLR8- expressing and IL-23-producing M/M were increased in both AD and MCI compared to HC. These data indicate that M/M in AD are characterized by an inflammatory profile and are involved in the induction of both innate immune responses via TLR stimulation and of acquired immunity possibly secondarily to the presentation of A peptides in an MHC-restricted fashion. Therapeutic approaches designed to interrupt these mechanism might prove beneficial.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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