Reproductive system and spermatozoa of Paraturbanella teissieri (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida): implications for sperm transfer modality in Turbanellidae

Abstract The morphology of the reproductive apparatus of several species of Turbanellidae, which are sequential hermaphrodites, has been studied for a comparison with that of other Gastrotricha Macrodasyida, which are simultaneous hermaphrodites. The common structural plan of the genital system of Turbanellidae includes two testes which extend into two sperm ducts turning anteriorly and fusing in a midventral pore, two ovaries with oocytes maturing in a cephalic direction and only one accessory organ, a seminal receptacle, provided with an external pore. A possible sperm transfer modality alternative to that described in the literature is advanced. Spermatological characters of Paraturbanella teissieri have been compared with those of the two Turbanella species studied up to date. Turbanellidae share with other Macrodasyida the general model of spermatozoon, but are the only representatives of this taxon known so far which have sperm devoid of the striated cylinder around the axoneme. Both the structure of the reproductive apparatus and the fine morphology of the spermatozoa of Turbanellidae species agree with the evolutionary view, recently supported by morphological and molecular data, which puts this taxon on a separate clade, early divergent from the stem lineage of Macrodasyida.