In situ high-pressure investigations on norsethite, BaMg(CO3)2, have been performed in sequence of diamond-anvil cell experiments by means of single-crystal X-ray and synchrotron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Isothermal hydrostatic compression at room temperature yields a high-pressure phase transition at Pc ≈ 2.32 ± 0.04 GPa, which is weakly first order in character and reveals significant elastic softening of the high-pressure form of norsethite. X-ray structure determination reveals C2/c symmetry (Z = 4; a = 8.6522(14) Å, b = 4.9774(13) Å, c = 11.1542(9) Å, β = 104.928(8)°, V = 464.20(12) Å3 at 3.00 GPa), and the structure refinement (R1 = 0.0763) confirms a distorted, but topologically similar crystal structure of the so-called γ-norsethite, with Ba in 12-fold and Mg in octahedral coordination. The CO3 groups were found to get tilted off the ab-plane direction by ~16.5°. Positional shifts, in particular of the Ba atoms and the three crystallographically independent oxygen sites, give a higher flexibility for atomic displacements, from which both the relatively higher compressibility and the remarkable softening originate. The corresponding bulk moduli are K0 = 66.2 ± 2.3 GPa and dK/dP = 2.0 ± 1.8 for α-norsethite and K0 = 41.9 ± 0.4 GPa and dK/dP = 6.1 ± 0.3 for γ-norsethite, displaying a pronounced directional anisotropy (α: β a-1 = 444(53) GPa, β c-1 = 76(2) GPa; γ: β a-1 = 5.1(1.3) × 103 GPa, β b-1 = 193(6) GPa β c-1 = 53.4(0.4) GPa). High-pressure Raman spectra show a significant splitting of several modes, which were used to identify the transformation in high-pressure high-temperature experiments in the range up to 4 GPa and 542 K. Based on the experimental series of data points determined by XRD and Raman measurements, the phase boundary of the α-to-γ-transition was determined with a Clausius-Clapeyron slope of 9.8(7) × 10-3 GPa K-1. An in situ measurement of the X-ray intensities was taken at 1.5 GPa and 411 K in order to identify the nature of the structural variation on increased temperatures corresponding to the previously reported transformation from α- to β-norsethite at 343 K and 1 bar. The investigations revealed, in contrast to all X-ray diffraction data recorded at 298 K, the disappearance of the superstructure reflections and the observed reflection conditions confirm the anticipated (Formula presented.) space-group symmetry. The same superstructure reflections, which disappear as temperature increases, were found to gain in intensity due to the positional shift of the Ba atoms in the γ-phase.

High-pressure polymorphism and structural transitions of norsethite, BaMg(CO3)2 / T. Pippinger, R. Miletich, H. Effenberger, G. Hofer, P. Lotti, M. Merlini. - In: PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS. - ISSN 0342-1791. - 41:10(2014), pp. 737-755. [10.1007/s00269-014-0687-8]

High-pressure polymorphism and structural transitions of norsethite, BaMg(CO3)2

P. Lotti
Penultimo
;
M. Merlini
Ultimo
2014

Abstract

In situ high-pressure investigations on norsethite, BaMg(CO3)2, have been performed in sequence of diamond-anvil cell experiments by means of single-crystal X-ray and synchrotron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Isothermal hydrostatic compression at room temperature yields a high-pressure phase transition at Pc ≈ 2.32 ± 0.04 GPa, which is weakly first order in character and reveals significant elastic softening of the high-pressure form of norsethite. X-ray structure determination reveals C2/c symmetry (Z = 4; a = 8.6522(14) Å, b = 4.9774(13) Å, c = 11.1542(9) Å, β = 104.928(8)°, V = 464.20(12) Å3 at 3.00 GPa), and the structure refinement (R1 = 0.0763) confirms a distorted, but topologically similar crystal structure of the so-called γ-norsethite, with Ba in 12-fold and Mg in octahedral coordination. The CO3 groups were found to get tilted off the ab-plane direction by ~16.5°. Positional shifts, in particular of the Ba atoms and the three crystallographically independent oxygen sites, give a higher flexibility for atomic displacements, from which both the relatively higher compressibility and the remarkable softening originate. The corresponding bulk moduli are K0 = 66.2 ± 2.3 GPa and dK/dP = 2.0 ± 1.8 for α-norsethite and K0 = 41.9 ± 0.4 GPa and dK/dP = 6.1 ± 0.3 for γ-norsethite, displaying a pronounced directional anisotropy (α: β a-1 = 444(53) GPa, β c-1 = 76(2) GPa; γ: β a-1 = 5.1(1.3) × 103 GPa, β b-1 = 193(6) GPa β c-1 = 53.4(0.4) GPa). High-pressure Raman spectra show a significant splitting of several modes, which were used to identify the transformation in high-pressure high-temperature experiments in the range up to 4 GPa and 542 K. Based on the experimental series of data points determined by XRD and Raman measurements, the phase boundary of the α-to-γ-transition was determined with a Clausius-Clapeyron slope of 9.8(7) × 10-3 GPa K-1. An in situ measurement of the X-ray intensities was taken at 1.5 GPa and 411 K in order to identify the nature of the structural variation on increased temperatures corresponding to the previously reported transformation from α- to β-norsethite at 343 K and 1 bar. The investigations revealed, in contrast to all X-ray diffraction data recorded at 298 K, the disappearance of the superstructure reflections and the observed reflection conditions confirm the anticipated (Formula presented.) space-group symmetry. The same superstructure reflections, which disappear as temperature increases, were found to gain in intensity due to the positional shift of the Ba atoms in the γ-phase.
Carbonate; Diamond-anvil cell; High-pressure; Norsethite; Phase transition
Settore GEO/06 - Mineralogia
Settore GEO/09 - Georisorse Miner.Appl.Mineral.-Petrogr.per l'amb.e i Beni Cul
2014
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/248264
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