OBJECTIVE: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a frequent event in cancer patients, with a prevalence from 19% to 95%. The reasons for such variability are explained by several factors, including different definitions across studies. In the framework of a wider initiative, we have analyzed the epidemiology of BTcP and identified factors associated with the pattern of care. METHODS: This study reports the results from a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, longitudinal study carried out in Italy between 2006 and 2007 on patients with cancer and pain. Transient exacerbations of pain were assessed with 3 different questions, and 1 composite variable to operationally define BTcP was then used as main outcome. After univariate analysis, a logistic model was also fitted to identify prognostic and predictive factors. RESULTS: One hundred and ten centers recruited 1801 cases of which 40.3% had BTcP at baseline. Most patients did not receive rescue therapy at the time of study inclusion. Univariate analysis identified several associations with clinical variables. A strong association has been also found with the type of recruiting centers, with oncologic wards reporting a somewhat lower proportion of patients with BTcP (-30%) when compared with palliative centers. Patients with BTcP had a high probability of dying (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.7, P-value 0.006) and to change of the opioid with another for analgesic failure or for side effects (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.9, P-value 0.040) DISCUSSION: These findings confirm the high prevalence of BTcP and substantial undertreatment and identify a few factors associated with prevalence and prognosis.
Epidemiology and pattern of care of breakthrough cancer pain in a longitudinal sample of cancer patients : results from the Cancer Pain Outcome Research Study Group / M.T. Greco, O. Corli, M. Montanari, S. Deandrea, V. Zagonel, G. Apolone. - In: THE CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN. - ISSN 0749-8047. - 27:1(2011 Jan), pp. 9-18. [10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181edc250]
Epidemiology and pattern of care of breakthrough cancer pain in a longitudinal sample of cancer patients : results from the Cancer Pain Outcome Research Study Group
S. Deandrea;
2011
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is a frequent event in cancer patients, with a prevalence from 19% to 95%. The reasons for such variability are explained by several factors, including different definitions across studies. In the framework of a wider initiative, we have analyzed the epidemiology of BTcP and identified factors associated with the pattern of care. METHODS: This study reports the results from a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, longitudinal study carried out in Italy between 2006 and 2007 on patients with cancer and pain. Transient exacerbations of pain were assessed with 3 different questions, and 1 composite variable to operationally define BTcP was then used as main outcome. After univariate analysis, a logistic model was also fitted to identify prognostic and predictive factors. RESULTS: One hundred and ten centers recruited 1801 cases of which 40.3% had BTcP at baseline. Most patients did not receive rescue therapy at the time of study inclusion. Univariate analysis identified several associations with clinical variables. A strong association has been also found with the type of recruiting centers, with oncologic wards reporting a somewhat lower proportion of patients with BTcP (-30%) when compared with palliative centers. Patients with BTcP had a high probability of dying (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.7, P-value 0.006) and to change of the opioid with another for analgesic failure or for side effects (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.9, P-value 0.040) DISCUSSION: These findings confirm the high prevalence of BTcP and substantial undertreatment and identify a few factors associated with prevalence and prognosis.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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