A different video-assisted thoracoscopic approach for every patient or for every surgeon?

Using a candle as a light source, the Swedish physician Hans Christian Jacobaeus was the first man who dared to explore the pleural cavity with a modified cystoscope in the early 20th century. He was animated by the desire to improve the therapeutic pneumothorax technique previously proposed by Carlo Forlanini for the treatment of tuberculosis. The thoracoscopic practice was widely used in Europe, until the advent of antituberculosis drugs decreed its sunset in the mid-1940s.