New insights in diagnoses of bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis

Introduction: Research for biomarkers discovery of bovine mastitis aims to identify reliable biomarkers for early detection and drug efficacy. Most of proteomic studies on mastitis have been performed on milk and somatic cells. Although proteomic profile of bovine milk whey proteins have been well characterized still poor information have been provided on serum and plasma proteomics of bovine mastitis. Aim of this work is to extend the current knowledge on molecular circulating biomarkers of mastitis including both sub-clinical and clinical animal group. Collected evidences showed complementary data between oxidative stress response, lipid metabolism and the differential protein expression. Methods: The study has been performed using a classical biochemistry approach to evaluate inflammatory process and through a comparative proteomic analysis for the detection of differentially expressed proteins among subclinical and clinical groups. Results: Inflammatory status was evaluated analyzing PON1 and PAF-AH hat were found to be down-regulated during clinical mastitis. A shotgun-MS approach was used to evaluate the differences in high abundant proteins. Moreover using 2D eletrophoresis were found ten differentially expressed proteins. Among them, vitronectin-like protein and serpin A3-1 have been described because of their increased Expression in subclinical mastitis group. Conclusion: Vitronectin production is linked to the process of bacterial opsonization that involves the complement cascade. lt indicates the presence of a strong bacterial infection. Serpin A3-1 is a protease inhibitor and because of its overexpression during inflammation it has been well characterized. Evaluation of profiling and concentration of these biomarkers during subclinical mastitis could be helpful for the early diagnoses of this pathology.